中国公司集团治理的法律机制构建  

The Construction of Legal Mechanism for the Governance of Chinese Company Groups

作　　者：汪青松[1] Wang Qingsong

机构地区：[1]西南政法大学市场交易法律制度研究基地,重庆渝北401120

出　　处：《法律科学（西北政法大学学报）》2023年第3期165-179,共15页Science of Law：Journal of Northwest University of Political Science and Law

基　　金：国家社科基金后期资助项目(19FFXB008)“数字经济时代的营业性构造演进与商主体体系创新研究”;教育部哲学社会科学研究后期资助项目(19JHQ073)“公司控制权强化机制视域下的外部投资者保护研究”。

摘　　要：公司集团已经成为现代市场中的主导力量,但中国民商事基本法却缺乏关于公司集团治理的积极性调整规则,由此呈现出市场实践与民商事立法背离的局面,立法缺位也会对公司集团发展造成不利影响。公司集团引发控制公司股东的“股权”异变为“控制权”、从属公司作为法律实体的独立性大大弱化、控制公司管理层信义义务对象的扩展、公司集团内的多元利益冲突进一步加剧,这些关系异变彰显出公司集团治理的特殊制度需求。公司集团不同于单纯的契约关系,其具备作为组织实体的基本要件,对其法律地位进行立法确认具有可行性。中国现行公司立法植根于“独立法人”观念的制度体系无法很好地满足集合了大量从属公司的、网络化的现代公司集团的治理需求。公司集团治理法律机制建构的重心包括:实现公司集团内部控制从事实状态转化为法定权利;明确控制公司对从属公司承担的特殊义务与责任;重塑从属公司与其董事、高管之间的信义关系;加强对从属公司小股东和债权人的特殊保护。Corporate group has become the leading force in modern market,but in China,the civil-commercial law lacks the positive regulation rules on corporate group governance,which shows the deviation between market practice and civil-commercial law,and the absence of legislation also has a negative impact on the development of corporate group.Different from the simple contractual relationship,corporate group has the basic elements of organizational entity,which is feasible to confirm its legal status through legislation.The change of shareholder's “equity” to “control” caused by the company group,the weakening of the independence of the subordinate company as a legal entity,the expansion of the object of controlling the company's management's fiduciary obligation,and the aggravation of the multi-interest conflict within the company group,all of which highlight the special governance needs of the company group.China's current civil and commercial legislation,which are rooted in the concept of “independent legal person”,cannot be well adapted to the governance needs of many subordinated and networked modern corporate groups.From the perspective of subject,the focus of the construction of corporate group governance legal mechanism includes to change the internal control of the company group from the factual state to the legal right,to clarify the special obligations and responsibilities of the controlling company to the subordinate company,to reshape the fiduciary relationship between the subsidiary company and its directors and executives and to strengthen the special protection for the minor shareholders and creditors of the subsidiary company.

关 键 词：公司集团 组织实体 集团治理 统一管理权/指示权 

分 类 号：D923.8[政治法律—民商法学]