《民法典》不真正连带债务追偿权体系释论  

Interpretation of the Theoretical System of the Right of Recourse of Unreal Joint and Several Liability in the Civil Code

作　　者：张平华[1] 石文静 ZHANG Ping-hua;SHI Wen-jing

机构地区：[1]山东大学法学院

出　　处：《北方法学》2023年第3期5-17,共13页Northern Legal Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“民法典背景下损害赔偿规范体系的整合与完善”(19AFX012)的研究成果。

摘　　要：尽管《民法典》中并未直接提及“不真正连带债务”,但其在理论上形成普遍共识,法典中存在大量的由不真正连带债务产生的追偿权类型,并与连带债务、按份债务、垫付责任等多数人债务追偿权相区分。实践中存在“典型”与“按份化”的不真正连带债务追偿权样态。面对丰富的追偿权类型,有待明晰其在民法中的一般规则。大陆法系对不真正连带债务追偿权的一般规则存在不同见解,但通常认为其可类推适用连带债务追偿权的一般规定。只不过基于不真正连带债务追偿权的特性,在行使要件和法律效果方面须进行必要的变通适用。其中,不真正连带债务追偿权的行使要件为中间责任人实际承担超过自己份额的债务并导致终局责任人共同免责。在法律效果方面,当存在多方中间责任人或终局责任人时,追偿责任主体有待进一步确定。依托不同的追偿权理论基础,追偿范围亦有所区分。Although the Civil Code does not directly mention the“right of recourse of unreal joint and several liability”,there is a general theoretical consensus that,as interpreted,there are a large number of types of recourse of unreal joint and several liability in the Civil Code,which are distinguished from the rights of recourse for majority liability such as joint and several liability,contingent liability and advancing liability.In practice,there are two types of recourse rights,the typical recourse right of unreal joint and several liability and the contributory recourse right of unreal joint and several liability.Facing the rich variety of types and forms of recourse rights,there is a need to clarify the general provision in the Civil Law.There are different rules in civil law systems on the right of recourse of unreal joint and several liability,which are generally considered to be analogous to the general provisions on the right of recovery of joint and several debts.However,due to the nature of the right of recourse of unreal joint and several liability,it is subject to the interpretation and application of the provision on the recourse of joint and several liability in terms of the requirements of exercise and legal effects.The requirements for the exercise of the right of recourse of an unreal joint and several liability are that the intermediate responsible persons actually assume more than their share of the liability and that results in the joint exemption of the final responsible persons.In terms of legal effect,when there are multiple intermediate responsibilities or final responsibilities,the subject of recourse is subject to further determination;the scope of recourse is also differentiated by the different theoretical bases of the right of recourse.

关 键 词：不真正连带债务 追偿权 中间责任人 终局责任人 多数人之债 

分 类 号：DF52[政治法律—民商法学]