不能犯理论的本土化路径建构  

Reconstruct the Theory of Impossible Attempt

作　　者：郑超 ZHENG Chao

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学法学院

出　　处：《北方法学》2023年第3期57-68,共12页Northern Legal Science

基　　金：上海市哲学社会科学规划课题“非典型正犯研究”(2020BFX002)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：一直以来,我国对于不能犯的研究脱离了本土的规范背景,陷入了更多从日本刑法的教义学知识来回答我国问题的误区,尤其是在论述过程中固执于强调刑法的客观主义立场和结果无价值立场,简单移植日本对于不能犯所采用的具体危险说与客观危险说而忽略了两国立法规定本身的差异。我们应该在更依赖于本国规范经验的类型化行为角度对不能犯问题进行重新梳理,从这一角度才能有效借鉴日本刑法中的教义学方法,通过判断行为是否具有具体危险,最终赋予我国刑法中的行为理论以更实质的内涵。因此,不能犯判断的要义并非是判断构成要件结果的“可能”与“不可能”,而是要判断形式上符合构成要件的类型化行为当中,通过行为具体危险性的“存在”与“不存在”来决定行为的“可罚”与“不可罚”。At present,China's research on impossible attempt has been detached from the normative background of our own country,thus fallen into the misunderstanding of answering our practical questions from the doctrinal knowledge of Japanese criminal law,especially in the process of discourse,stubbornly emphasizing the objectivism and the theory of unworthy results,and simply transplanting the specific danger theory and objective danger theory adopted by Japan for non-offense,while ignoring the difference between the legislative provisions of the two countries.We should reorganize the problem of impossible attempt from the perspective of stereotypical behaviors that are more dependent on the experience of domestic norms,so that we can effectively learn from the theological methods in Japanese criminal law,and finally give a more substantive connotation to the behavior theory in China's criminal law by judging whether the behavior has a specific danger.Therefore,the important issue of not making a judgment is not to judge the"possible"and"impossible"of the results that constitute the elements,but to judge the"punishable"and"unpunishable"of the behavior through the"existence"and"non-existence"of the specific danger of the act in the type of behavior that formally meets the constituent elements.

关 键 词：不能犯 未遂犯 行为类型化 具体危险 客观危险 

分 类 号：DF611[政治法律—刑法学]