“举手不劳”型见危不救入刑之思辨  

Argument about Penalty on Failing to Rescue with the Type of Unwillingness to Work without Self-damage

作　　者：董玉庭[1] 李芳芳 DONG Yu-ting;LI Fang-fang

机构地区：[1]黑龙江大学法学院

出　　处：《北方法学》2023年第3期69-80,共12页Northern Legal Science

基　　金：黑龙江省教育科学“十四五”规划2022年度专项课题“新时代龙江复合型法治人才培养研究”(GJE1422098)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：唐山烧烤店多名男子寻衅滋事殴打女性的恶性暴力事件,引发社会各界对围观群众见危不救行为的性质进行争辩。见危不救包含两种类型,即利他的见义不敢为与无自损的举手不愿劳。刑法对见危不救入刑的讨论在于“无自损的举手不愿劳”是否应予惩罚。应肯定“举手不劳”型见危不救的刑事责任。举手不劳型见危不救存在值得刑法评价的法益侵害行为,其入刑并不违背道德义务法律化、刑法的谦抑性,具有可操作性。见危不救罪的设置应比照故意伤害罪进行:侵害客体应限于公民的人身权利;犯罪客观方面的判断应重视紧迫性、义务违反性,以及结果的现实化;犯罪主体应限为一般救助人;犯罪主观方面应限定为故意;刑罚设置应轻刑化,法定刑不宜过重。The vicious violence of a number of men in Tangshan barbecue restaurant picking quarrels and provoking trouble to beat women has triggered a debate from all walks of life about the nature of the behavior of onlookers who are failing to rescue when people in danger.There are two types of failing to rescue,namely,altruistic righteousness and unwillingness to work without self-damage.The Criminal Law's discussion of imprisonment is whether unwillingness to work without self-damage should be punished.The criminal responsibility of the unwillingness to work without self-damage type should be affirmed.There is a violation of legal interests that merits the evaluation of the Criminal Law,and its criminalization does not violate the legalization of moral obligations,the modesty of the Criminal Law,and therefore is operable.The setting of the crime of failing to rescue under the type of unwillingness to work without self-damage should be carried out in the same way as the crime of intentional injury:the object of infringement should be limited to the personal rights of citizens;The judgment of the objective aspect of the crime should attach importance to the urgency,the violation of obligations,and the reality of the results;The subject of the crime should be limited to general rescuers;The subjective aspect of the crime should be limited to intentionality;The punishment setting should be light,and the statutory punishment should not be excessively severe.

关 键 词：见危不救 举手不劳 好人条款 不作为犯 

分 类 号：DF611[政治法律—刑法学]