9~12岁儿童抑郁状态及影响因素分析  

Analysis of depression and influencing factors in children aged 9-12 years

作　　者：杨振娇 胡俊 冯雪英[1] 衣明纪[1] 单延春[1] 刘小梅[1] YANG Zhen-jiao;HU Jun;FENG Xue-ying;YI Ming-ji;SHAN Yan-chun;LIU Xiao-mei(Department of Child Health Care,The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University,Shandong Qingdao 266003,China;Children's Health Clinic,Zibo Central Hospital,Shandong Zibo 255020,China)

机构地区：[1]青岛大学附属医院儿童保健科,山东青岛266003 [2]淄博市中心医院儿童保健门诊,山东淄博255020

出　　处：《中国妇幼健康研究》2023年第5期38-47,共10页Chinese Journal of Woman and Child Health Research

摘　　要：目的 探讨某地区9~12岁儿童抑郁状态的流行病学状况及影响因素。方法 采用混合抽样的方法,于2020年9月至10月抽取某地区9所小学4~6年级48个班共计918名小学高年级学生为研究对象。由专业儿童保健医生和心理医生,采用儿童抑郁自评量表(DSRSC)、小学生营养知识、态度及行为调查问卷、儿童睡眠习惯问卷(CSHQ)等对其开展调查,并对调查结果进行描述和分析。结果 9~12岁儿童抑郁状态的总检出率为30.17%(277/918),其中男生的检出率[33.73%(171/507)]高于女生[25.79%(106/411)](χ^(2)=6.787,P<0.05)。经多因素Logistic回归分析显示,儿童为二胎(OR=7.426,95%CI:1.449~38.051)、顺产(OR=1.549,95%CI:1.069~2.244)、父母健康(OR=6.222,95%CI:1.264~30.631)、父母婚姻美满(OR=14.604,95%CI:1.323~161.169)、父亲文化水平高(OR=36.797,95%CI:8.867~152.702)及儿童无过敏史(OR=1.529,95%CI:1.039~2.249)均是其抑郁状态的保护因素(P<0.05),早产(OR=0.286,95%CI:0.088~0.934)是其抑郁状态的危险因素(P<0.05)。儿童抑郁状态与非抑郁状态在晚上入睡时间、早晨醒来及起床时间、说梦话现象、坐车时容易入睡方面比较差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)=6.907~24.584,P<0.05)。儿童抑郁状态与非抑郁状态在每天吃早餐情况、奶制品及豆制品摄入情况、对营养素缺乏后果等营养知识了解方面比较差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)=6.805~18.351,P<0.05)。结论 某地区9~12岁儿童抑郁状态检出率与全国平均发生率一致,学校、家庭及社会须高度重视,采取有效措施提高儿童心理健康水平。Objective To investigate the epidemiological status and influencing factors of depression in children aged 9-12 years in a region.Methods A total of 918 high-level graders in primary school students from 48 classes of grades 4-6 from 9 primary schools in a certain area were selected as subjects by mixed sampling method from September to October 2020.the survey was carried out by professional child health care doctors and psychiatrists.Depression self-rating scale for children(DSRSC),nutrition knowledge, attitude and behavior of primary school students, and children′s sleep habits questionnaire(CSHQ) were used to investigate, and the results were described and analyzed.Results The overall detection rate of depressive symptoms in children aged 9-12 years was 30.17%(277/918),and the detection rate of boys(33.73%,171/507) was higher than that of girls(25.79%,106/411)(χ^(2)=6.787,P<0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the second child(OR=7.246,95%CI:1.449-38.051),vaginal delivery(OR=1.549,95%CI:1.069-2.244),and healthy parents(OR=6.222,95%CI:1.264-30.631),parental happy marriage(OR=14.604,95%CI:1.323-161.169),high educational level of father(OR=36.797,95%CI:8.867-152.702),and no history of allergies in children(OR=1.529,95%CI:1.039-2.249) were protective factors for children′s depression, preterm birth(OR=0.286,95%CI:0.088-0.934) was a risk factor for children′s depression(P<0.05).There were statistically significant differences in the time to fall asleep night, the time to wake up and get up earlier in the morning, the phenomenon of talking in sleep and falling asleep while riding in a car in children′s depressed state and non-depressed state(χ^(2)=6.907-24.584,P<0.05).There were statistically significant differences between depressed and non-depressed children in the state of eat breakfast, intake of dairy products and soy products, and a comprehensive understanding of consequences of lack of nutritional knowledge(χ^(2)=6.805-18.351,P<0.05).Conclusion The detection rate of depressio

关 键 词：抑郁 儿童 睡眠 饮食 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]