核电多相环形无刷励磁系统故障分析及继电保护原理  

Fault Analysis and Relay Protection Principle for Multi-phase Ring Brushless Excitation System of Nuclear Power

作　　者：郝亮亮[1] 陈建林 桂林[2] 孙宇光[2] 段贤稳 王祥珩[2] HAO Liangliang;CHEN Jianlin;GUI Lin;SUN Yuguang;DUAN Xianwen;WANG Xiangheng(School of Electrical Engineering,Beijing Jiaotong University,Beijing 100044,China;Department of Electrical Engineering,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;China Nuclear Power Operation Co.,Ltd.,Shenzhen 518172,China)

机构地区：[1]北京交通大学电气工程学院,北京市100044 [2]清华大学电机工程与应用电子技术系,北京市100084 [3]中广核核电运营有限公司,广东省深圳市518172

出　　处：《电力系统自动化》2023年第9期137-146,共10页Automation of Electric Power Systems

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(2020JBM070);中广核集团公司科技项目(百万千瓦级核电机组无刷励磁机故障特征分析和继电保护配置研究及实施,3100077013)。

摘　　要：多相环形无刷励磁机是目前在运百万千瓦级核电站广泛采用的励磁机型,因其未配备完善的继电保护,现场发生的多起故障带来了严重损失。实现该保护的难点在于励磁机为旋转电枢式电机,可量测的量仅为定子励磁电流,需用单一电气特征实现对多种故障的保护及区分。首先,文中从各种故障前后转子电枢电流及空间谐波磁场特性入手,对励磁机定、转子绕组及旋转整流器故障的特征及机理进行了深入研究,根据绕组结构不对称下定、转子电流的相互感应关系,得出各种故障暂态及稳态时的频谱分布特征及演变规律;其次,以十一相环形无刷励磁机为例,对动模样机进行了不同故障的实验和仿真,实验和仿真结果验证了理论分析的正确性;最后,提出了一种基于定子励磁电流的新型保护原理,动模样机实验及保护装置的现场运行及测试结果表明,该原理能够实现对故障的可靠灵敏保护,并能有选择性地区分故障。Multi-phase ring brushless exciter is widely used in million-kilowatt nuclear power plants at present.However,due to its lack of perfect relay protection,multiple faults on site have brought serious losses.The difficulty in implementing this protection lies in the fact that the exciter is a rotating-armature-type motor,and the only measurable quantity is the stator excitation current.Therefore,a single electrical characteristic is required to protect and distinguish various faults.Firstly,based on the characteristics of rotor armature current and spatial harmonic magnetic field before and after various faults,the fault characteristics and mechanism of exciter stator and rotor windings and rotating rectifier are deeply studied.According to the mutual induction relationship between stator and rotor currents in the asymmetric winding structure,the transient process and steady-state spectrum distribution characteristics and evolution laws of various faults are obtained.Secondly,taking the 11-phase ring brushless exciter as an example,the experiments and simulations with different faults are carried out on the prototype,and the experimental and simulation results verify the correctness of the theoretical analysis.Finally,a new protection principle based on stator excitation current is proposed.The prototype experiment and the field test results show that this protection method can not only realize reliable and sensitive protection from faults,but also distinguish the faults selectively.

关 键 词：核电机组 无刷励磁机 继电保护 励磁电流 谐波 故障诊断 

分 类 号：TM623[电气工程—电力系统及自动化] TM77