新疆塔额盆地滴灌甜菜临界氮浓度模型的构建与检验  

Development and Verification of Critical Nitrogen Concentration Model for Drip-Irrigated Sugar Beet in Ta'e Basin,Xinjiang

作　　者：白如霄 崔瑜 和海秀 罗静静 徐巧 BAI Ruxiao;CUI Yu;HE Haixiu;LUO Jingjing;XU Qiao(Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Reclamation Sciences/Key Laboratory of Northwest Oasis Water-Saving Agriculture,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Shihezi,Xinjiang 832000;Institute of Agricultural Sciences(Institute of Animal Science),The Ninth Division,Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps,Tacheng,Xinjiang 834601;College of Resources and Environment,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830052)

机构地区：[1]新疆农垦科学院/农业农村部西北绿洲节水农业重点实验室,新疆石河子832000 [2]新疆生产建设兵团第九师农业科学研究所(畜牧科学研究所),新疆塔城834601 [3]新疆农业大学资源与环境学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《核农学报》2023年第5期1048-1055,共8页Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：兵团重点领域科技攻关计划(2018AB036);九师科技攻关(2022JS001)。

摘　　要：为确定新疆塔额盆地甜菜(Beta vulgaris L.)的合理施肥量,本研究于2020-2021年开展大田试验,设置0(N0)、75(N75)、150(N150)、225(N225)和300 kg·hm^(-2)(N300)5个氮水平,分析不同施氮量对甜菜苗期、块根形成分化期、叶丛快速生长期、块根膨大期、糖分积累期、收获期植株总生物量及氮浓度的影响,构建基于生物量的临界氮浓度稀释模型,并计算不同施氮量的氮营养指数,分析其与相对生物量和相对产量的关系,确定甜菜氮营养丰缺情况。结果表明,施氮量从0增加到225 kg·hm^(-2)时,植株生物量呈显著增长趋势,但当施氮量从225增加至300 kg·hm^(-2)时,植株生物量增加不显著。从苗期至收获期,与N0处理相比,N225和N300处理的植株生物量分别增加了82.55%和86.44%。甜菜全生育时期内,植株生物量随施氮量变化表现为N0<N75<N150<N225≈N300。基于生物量的甜菜临界氮浓度稀释曲线方程决定系数R^(2)为0.974,模型检验参数n-RMSE为16.26%,说明模型稳定性较好。基于植株生物量的氮营养指数表明,甜菜适宜施氮量为150~225 kg·hm^(-2)。氮营养指数与相对生物量、相对产量的关系均达到显著水平。综上所述,本研究建立的塔额盆地甜菜临界氮浓度稀释曲线模型及氮营养指数可以较好地诊断并评价甜菜植株氮营养状况。本研究结果为新疆塔额盆地甜菜氮肥管理提供了理论依据。To determine the reasonable nitrogen(N)application rate for drip-irrigated sugar beet(Beta vulgaris L.)in Ta’e Basin,Xinjiang,a field experiment was conducted during 2020—2021.Five N application rates[0(N0),75(N75),150(N150),225(N225)and 300 kg·hm^(-2)(N300)]were set.The biomass and N concentration of plant in seedling stage,root tuber formation and differentiation stage,leaf cluster rapid growth stage,root tuber expansion stage,sugar accumulation stage and harvest stage were analyzed.The critical N concentration model based on biomass were developed.The N nutrition index(NNI)was calculated,and its relationship with relative biomass and relative yield were analyzed,respectively,and then the N nutrition status of sugar beet was determined.The results showed the plant biomass increased significantly when N application rate increased from 0 to 225 kg·hm^(-2),while it did not increase significantly when N application rate increased from 225 to 300 kg·hm^(-2).From the seedling stage to harvest stage,the plant biomass of N225 treatment increased by 82.55%,and that of N300 treatment increased by 86.44%,respectively,compared with N0 treatment.The variation of plant biomass with different N application rates during the whole growth stage of sugar beet followed the order of N0<N75<N150<N225≈N300.The determination coefficient R^(2) of critical N concentration model of sugar beet based on biomass was 0.974 and the test parameter n-RMSE was 16.26%,which showed good stability of the model.The recommended N application rate based on NNI was 150~225 kg·hm^(-2).A significant correlationship was found between NNI and relative biomass,relative yield.In conclusion,the developed critical N concentration model and NNI could be used as a diagnostic tool to detect N nutrition and a theoretical basis to manage nitrogen fertilizer of sugar beet in Ta’e basin,Xinjiang.

关 键 词：滴灌甜菜 临界氮浓度稀释曲线 氮营养指数 氮素营养诊断 

分 类 号：S566.3[农业科学—作物学]