“双碳”目标背景下的稠油开发对策  

Heavy oil development strategy under the“Carbon Peaking and Carbon Neutrality”target

作　　者：关文龙[1] 蒋有伟[1] 郭二鹏[1] 王伯军[1] Guan Wenlong;Jiang Youwei;Guo Erpeng;Wang Bojun(State Key Laboratory of Enhanced Oil Recovery,PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]提高采收率国家重点实验室中国石油勘探开发研究院,北京100083

出　　处：《石油学报》2023年第5期826-840,共15页Acta Petrolei Sinica

基　　金：中国石油科技重大项目(2022KT08-3,2021DJ14)资助。

摘　　要：中国稠油资源量较为丰富,目前中国国内稠油的开发方式以蒸汽吞吐、蒸汽驱、蒸汽辅助重力泄油(SAGD)和火驱等热采方式为主。通过梳理中国稠油4种热采技术现状认为:占稠油产量规模50%以上的蒸汽吞吐方式普遍进入开发中、后期,亟需转换开发方式;蒸汽驱、SAGD和火驱技术近年来取得显著进步,但仍需进一步完善和升级。通过测算稠油不同开发方式下的吨油碳排放量结果显示,在国家“双碳”目标背景下,以“高能耗、高碳排”为主要特征的稠油热采技术面临着“提质增效和节能减排”双重挑战;通过分析中国国内主产区稠油的主要特点及其下游产业链、价值链认为,中国国内环烷基稠油更多地体现了其化工原料属性,其中间产品在下游产业链中具有重要地位和不可替代性,因此在“十四五”(2021—2025年)及今后相当长一段时间内保持中国国内稠油产量稳定十分必要。为贯彻国家及油公司的“双碳”目标、应对双重挑战,给出了今后稠油开发的对策建议。在政策层面,建议推动稠油加工产业升级,加大稠油产品开发力度,并适当调整稠油定价机制,以使其更多体现稠油的化工原料属性。在技术层面的对策包括:持续改进现有的热采方式,并优化调整各种热采方式的产量构成;有针对性地研发有限热采技术和低碳蒸汽发生技术;大力研发稠油聚合物驱、促乳化水驱等稠油高效冷采技术等。China is abundant in heavy oil resources.At present,heavy oil development mainly relies on thermal recovery techniques,including cyclic steam stimulation(CSS),steam flooding,steam assisted gravity drainage(SAGD)and insitu combustion(ISC).Based on summarizing the current situation of four thermal recovery techniques for heavy oil in China,CSS accounts for more than 50%of heavy oil production.And CSS production are generally in the middle and late stages of development,and it is urgent to change the development methods.In recent years,steam flooding,SAGD,ISC techniques have achieved significant advancement,but still need to be improved and upgraded.The results of carbon emissions per ton of heavy oil measured for different development techniques show that under“Carbon Peaking and Carbon Neutrality”targets in China,thermal recovery techniques for heavy oil characterized by“high energy consumption and high carbon emissions”are confronting double challenge from quality and efficiency improvement as well as energy conservation and emission reduction.Through analyzing the key features of heavy oil in main oilfields and assosicated downstream industry chain and value chain,it is deemed that naphthenic-based heavy oil is mainly treated as raw materials for chemical products.The intermediate products play important and irreplaceable part in downstream industry chain in China.Therefore,it is essential to keep stable heavy oil production in China during the“14th Five-Year Plan”period(2021-2025)and in the future.To achieve the“Carbon Peaking and Carbon Neutrality”targets of the state and oil companies and cope with the double challenge,the paper proposes countermeasures and suggestions for future heavy oil development.Specifically,at the policy level,it is recommended to push the upgrading of heavy oil processing industry,enhancing the development of heavy oil products,and adjusting the heavy oil pricing strategy accordingly to make heavy oil more representative of raw materials for chemical products.At the te

关 键 词：稠油油藏 “双碳”目标 注蒸汽开发 火烧油层 产业链 稠油冷采 

分 类 号：TE345[石油与天然气工程—油气田开发工程]