语境视域下的自然种类分析  

A Study of Natural Kinds from the Perspective of Context

作　　者：郭贵春[1] 余朋 GUO Gui-chun;YU Peng(Research Center for Philosophy of Science and Technology,Shanxi University,Taiyuan 030006,China)

机构地区：[1]山西大学科学技术哲学研究中心,山西太原030006

出　　处：《山西大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2023年第3期1-8,共8页Journal of Shanxi University(Philosophy and Social Science Edition)

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“爱思唯尔《科学哲学手册》翻译与研究”(18ZDA030)。

摘　　要：化学哲学中关于自然种类的论述,一般分为微观结构本质主义和反微观结构本质主义两个阵营。前者认为物质的微观结构决定了化学种类的外延,化学种类是由微观结构决定的,分类是基于微观结构的本质进行的,并且独立于人们的兴趣和智力活动;后者则主张化学种类没有本质,分类是依赖于科学家的智力活动或不同目的。最近,微观结构本质主义的新发展似乎有望解决两者的分歧,但仍然有其局限性。文章详细考察这些分歧,尝试在语境视域中消除这些分歧,认为化学种类的命名和分类依赖于特定的语境,是在特定的语境中得以确立和实现的,撇开语境来讨论化学中自然种类的问题是不现实的。There are two main schools of thought in the debate over natural kinds in chemistry:microstructural essentialism and anti-microstructural essentialism.The microstructural essentialism postulates that the extension of chemical kinds is determined by the microscopic structure of substance.The microscopic structure dictates the kinds of chemicals present.Despite the fact that classification is based on the nature of microstructure and is independent of people’s interests and intellectual pursuits,proponents of the anti-microstructural essentialism theory contend that chemical kinds lack any inherent essence,and that classification is instead based on the intellectual pursuits of chemists or other factors.Recently,new microstructuralism has appeared to have promise for bridging the gaps,although it still has its limitations.An in-depth analysis of these gaps will be done in this paper,and it will attempt to bridge them from the perspective of context.In the author’s opinion,the identification and categorization of chemical kinds depend on a particular context and are created and realized in that context.Without context,it is unrealistic to examine the issue of natural kinds in chemistry.

关 键 词：化学哲学 自然种类 化学种类 语境 指称 

分 类 号：O6-05[理学—化学]