中国特色合宪性审查的体制改革与机制创新  

Institutional Reform and Innovation of Constitutionality Inspection with Chinese Characteristics

作　　者：吴延溢[1] WU Yanyi

机构地区：[1]南通大学法治现代化研究中心,江苏南通226019

出　　处：《思想战线》2023年第3期130-139,共10页Thinking

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究专项任务项目“中国特色合宪性审查的逻辑机理与制度创新研究”阶段性成果(20JD710026)。

摘　　要：宪法的生命在于实施,而宪法实施的关键在于推进合宪性审查。我国合宪性审查工作的推进已经取得初步成效,但在体制改革与机制创新方面还有进一步完善的空间。从体制上讲,谋求在国家权力横向配置体系中更大突破的方案很难具有现实可行性,但我们可以基于中国特色的单一制国家结构形式,在纵向配置体系上构建“一极性”合宪性审查的基本体制;同时,根据大国治理需要,在中央审查机构实行“两委制”,并适度拓展地方合宪性审查空间。从机制上讲,合宪性审查工作的有效推进,需要激发审查机制的活性。在启动机制上我们可以通过设置执政党的介入机制,增加启动渠道,提升权威性;在受理环节上,通过筛选过滤和分流机制,实现工作的高效性;在审议环节上,通过解释创意、案情调查和信息反馈机制的完善,提高审查的能动性;在处理环节上,通过撤销机制和改变机制的强化,提高审查的实效性。The life of the constitution is in its implementation,and a key step to implement the constitution is to conduct constitutionality inspection.Though some initial achievements have been made in China’s constitutionality inspection practice,there is plenty of room for further improvement to be made.Institutionally speaking,attempts to make further breakthroughs in the horizontal allocation of state power may not be realistic and feasible,but it is possible to construct a“uni-pole”vertical constitutionality inspection system on the basis of the Chinese unitary state structure.At the same time,a system of“double commissions”can be installed at the central government level to oversee matters related to constitutionality inspection,while giving more space to local governments to conduct constitutionality inspection on their own.In practice,this requires a more viable and dynamic constitutionality inspection mechanism to be put in place.To make this happen,a mechanism can be installed to allow multi-channel intervention of the ruling party to make the system more authoritative.In the process of inspection,a mechanism for filtering and screening cases can be installed to enhance efficacy of work.In the process of appraisal,a mechanism of interpretation,case investigation and feedback can be installed to make the inspection more dynamic.In the handling of specific cases,a mechanism of retrieval and alteration can be installed to make the inspection more effective.

关 键 词：合宪性审查 体制改革 机制创新 

分 类 号：D921[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]