大都市区人口就业圈层分布与演变特征——伦敦、纽约、东京、巴黎的经验与启示  

The core-periphery distribution and evolutionary characteristics of population and employment in metropolitan areas:Experience and enlightenment from London,New York,Tokyo and Paris

作　　者：伍毅敏[1] 石晓冬[1] 杨明[1] 王吉力 加雨灵[1] WU Yimin;SHI Xiaodong;YANG Ming;WANG Jili;JIA Yuling(Beijing Municipal Institute of City Planning&Design,Beijing 100045,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市城市规划设计研究院,北京100045

出　　处：《世界地理研究》2023年第5期91-101,共11页World Regional Studies

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51878052);清华大学首都区域空间规划研究北京市重点实验室2020年度开放课题。

摘　　要：参考既有研究,以5 km、15 km、30 km半径为界,将伦敦、纽约、东京、巴黎大都市区划分为四个空间圈层,开展同尺度对比分析。研究发现,大都市区人口分布形态较为多样化,而中心地区普遍经历了人口先扩散再回流的历程;就业主要建立在共有的强单中心模式基础上,新城规划建设的成功与否对中心-外围关系有显著影响,当前演化趋势是外围地区次中心提升与中心地区内部分化并行;职住空间组织模式分为以纽约为代表的“内外各自平衡”模式和其他大都市区的“圈层梯度平衡”模式。北京及其他发展中的国内大都市区应基于相同空间尺度和相近发展阶段,合理借鉴国际经验,同时为未来的长远发展留有调整余地。Based on existing research consensus about the ring structure of metropolitan areas,this paper divided the metropolitan areas of London,New York,Tokyo and Paris into four spatial spheres with a radius of 5 km,15 km and 30 km,and carried out comparative analysis on the same scale.Data analysis,spatial analysis,historical process review and deduction methods were used to reveal the distribution characteristics of population and employment.The results show that the population distribution patterns of metropolitan areas are diversified,while the central area generally experiences the process of population decentralization and re-concentration.With a common monocentric pattern of employment distribution in chosen metropolitan areas,the success or failure of new town planning and construction has a significant impact on the center-periphery relationship.The current development trend is both the promotion of sub-centers in peripheral areas and the internal differentiation of the strong center at the same time.The jobshousing organization patterns of chosen metropolitan areas can be divided into the"respective balance"mode represented by New York and the"gradient balance"mode of the other three.The former mode keeps the working and living space closer and helps reduce long-distance commuters,while the latter mode can enhance efficiency by constructing mass public transport.Based on the similar spatial scale and development stage,Beijing and other developing metropolitan areas in China can learn from the experiences of the chosen four metropolitan areas.It is also important to leave room for adjustment for long-term development.

关 键 词：人口 就业 职住平衡 大都市区 圈层 

分 类 号：F249.1[经济管理—劳动经济]