论专利确权司法审查权与行政权的冲突及解决  

On the Conflict between Judicial Review Power and Administrative Power in Patent Confirmation and its Solution

作　　者：黄运康 Huang Yunkang

机构地区：[1]广西师范大学法学院

出　　处：《电子知识产权》2023年第4期51-62,共12页Electronics Intellectual Property

基　　金：国家社科基金西部项目“司法改革背景下专利确权制度研究”(项目编号:20XFX014)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：我国专利确权制度因严格遵循行政、司法职权的绝对分立,产生了一系列实践难题,社会各界对此提出了质疑和批评。早期的理论认为行政行为带有主权性质而否定它有受司法审查的效力,行政行为效力的绝对性带有王权的色彩。现代行政理论正从崇尚权威转向强调服务社会职能,即行政行为必须实现它所服务的社会目的,因而行政行为的内容是可以变更的。基于效力性、专业性和对外法治建设的需要,法院在审理案件中应具有审查专利效力的权力。为了避免平行诉讼中与行政权的过度冲突,法院只能在必要的情况下有限地审查专利效力,并且这种确权权力是相对的,效力仅限于个案。作为协同的制度,现有技术抗辩应限定于等同侵权领域。同时,在审查效力的认知标准、证据适用标准等方面,专利确权和专利侵权诉讼中的效力审查的标准应趋于统一。System confidence is an important criterion to evaluate the vitality of a system.China's patent authorization of system strictly follows the absolute separation of"administrative/judicial"functions and powers,resulting in a series of practical problems,which are questioned and criticized by all walks of life.The early theory thinks that the administrative act has the nature of sovereignty and denies that it has the effect of judicial review.The absoluteness of the effect of administrative act has the color of royal power.Modern administrative theory is changing from advocating authority to emphasizing social function,that is,administrative act must realize the social purpose it serves,so the content of administrative act can be changed.Accordingly,the theory of limited administrative act is developed from the presumptive legality of administrative act.The court has the power to examine the patentability.In order to avoid the excessive conflict with the administrative power and ensure the realization of the social order maintained by the stability of law,the court can only examine the validity of patent in a limited way when necessary,and the power to confirm the right is relative,and the effect is limited to individual cases.As a collaborative system,publicly known technology defense should be limited to the field of equivalent infringement.At the same time,the standards of patent confirmation and patent validity examination in patent infringement litigation should be unified.

关 键 词：行政司法分立 专利确权 司法审查权 平行诉讼 

分 类 号：D923.42[政治法律—民商法学]