公共健康危机背景下国际知识产权制度的改革路径——以国际经贸规则中的可持续发展原则为视角  

Reform Path of International Intellectual Property Law under the Background of Public Health Crisis——from the Perspective of the Principle of Sustainable Development in International Economic and Trade Rules

作　　者：林进 Lin Jin

机构地区：[1]复旦大学法学院

出　　处：《电子知识产权》2023年第4期63-76,共14页Electronics Intellectual Property

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“构建人类命运共同体国际法治创新研究”(项目批准号:18ZDA153)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：近年来的新冠疫情凸显了国际知识产权制度缺乏有效应对公共健康危机的机制的现实,以及在整体的利益平衡关系中偏向了主要以跨国公司为代表的私人部门的问题。而国际经贸规则领域中的可持续发展原则,其可包容公共健康的理念,以及存在可用以平衡“公私”利益的成熟的规则实践,从长远角度对解决国际知识产权的制度问题有着很高的借鉴价值。在可持续发展原则的视角下,国际知识产权制度可考虑:在条约中明确引述可持续发展理念目标;明确跨国公司在知识产权领域的“社会责任”;与其他同可持续发展相关的领域的条约标准相衔接并与相关国际组织展开合作;针对突发的公共健康等公共危机规定“例外措施”;防止可持续发展原则被发达国家用以“胁迫”发展中国家。The COVID-19 pandemic highlights the fact that the International Intellectual Property Law lacks an effective mechanism to deal with public health crises,and that the overall balance of interests is biased towards the private sector,mainly represented by transnational corporations.The Principle of Sustainable Development in the field of international economic and trade rules,which involves the idea of promoting public health and has relevant rule practices that can be used to balance“public and private”interests,are highly valuable for dealing with the problem in the International Intellectual Property Law in the long term.From the perspective of the Principle of Sustainable Development,the International Intellectual Property Law should consider:explicitly citing the ideas and objectives of Sustainable Development in IP treaties;defining the"social responsibility"of transnational corporations in the field of IP;linking up with other treaties or standards related to Sustainable Development and cooperate with relevant international organizations;providing"exceptional measures"for dealing with public crises,especially sudden public health crises.And the Principle of Sustainable Development should be prevented from being used by the developed countries to"coerce"the developing countries.

关 键 词：国际知识产权制度 公共健康危机 可持续发展 国际经贸规则 

分 类 号：D996.1[政治法律—经济法学] D997.1[政治法律—国际法学]