酸性矿山排水的源头预防技术研究进展  

Research progress of source prevention technology of acid mine drainage

作　　者：王旭东 唐佳伟 张锁 郭强 于志勇 曹志国 WANG Xudong;TANG Jiawei;ZHANG Suo;GUO Qiang;YU Zhiyong;CAO Zhiguo(Shenhua Group Xinjie Energy Co.,Ltd.,Ordos 017200,China;State Key Laboratory of Water Resource Protection and Utilization in Coal Mining,Beijing 102211,China;National Institute of Low Carbon and Clean Energy,Beijing 102211,China)

机构地区：[1]神华新街能源有限责任公司,内蒙古鄂尔多斯017200 [2]煤炭开采水资源保护与利用国家重点实验室,北京102211 [3]北京低碳清洁能源研究院,北京102211

出　　处：《中国矿业》2023年第6期85-95,共11页China Mining Magazine

基　　金：国家能源集团科技项目资助(编号:GJNY-21-129)。

摘　　要：酸性矿山排水由于其高酸度、有毒金属含量和硫酸盐含量造成严重的环境污染,促使人们开发了酸性矿山排水预防、处理技术。但是酸性矿山排水的末端处理方法通常具有昂贵、劳动密集型和耗时等缺点。因此,酸性矿山排水源头预防技术是实现酸性矿山排水“源头零排”的关键技术。描述了酸性矿山排水的形成机制及其对水生态环境造成的危害,介绍了酸性矿山排水预防技术及其抗氧化机制与效果,并探讨了酸性矿山排水预防技术面临的挑战和机遇。物理氧气屏障包括干式覆盖技术、湿式覆盖技术,其作为成熟的酸性矿山排水预防技术已应用于实际矿区酸性矿山排水预防处理,但环境因素的影响制约了其进一步发展。杀菌剂在实验研究阶段中,虽然已经解决了高成本的问题,但是杀菌剂的毒性仍是其待解决的弊端之一。对于表面钝化技术,虽然钝化材料丰富(有机材料、无机材料、复合材料等),使其在酸性矿山排水预防技术的发展中最具有潜力,但是大多数研究都集中于纯黄铁矿系统,复杂环境的稳定性和可持续性尚不清楚。总体而言,低成本、长期稳定处理效果、安全、环保等条件是预防技术未来研究的可行方向。Acid mine drainage(AMD)causes serious environmental pollution due to its high acidity,toxic metal content and sulfate content,prompting the development of many AMD prevention and treatment technologies.Therefore,AMD source prevention technology is the key technology to achieve“zero discharge at source”in AMD.Describes the formation mechanism and impact of AMD,introduces AMD prevention technology and its antioxidant mechanism on the effect,and discusses the challenges and opportunities of AMD prevention technology.Dry and wet cover technology,as mature AMD prevention technology has been applied in actual mine AMD prevention treatment,but the influence of environmental factors has restricted its further development.Fungicides in the experimental research phase,although the problem of high cost has been solved,but the toxicity of fungicides is still one of its drawbacks to be solved.Surface passivation technologies,although the abundance of passivation materials(organic,inorganic,composites,etc.)makes it the most promising in the development of AMD prevention technologies.However,most research on surface passivation technologies has focused on pure pyrite systems,and the stability and sustainability of complex environments is unknown.Overall,conditions such as low cost,long-term stable treatment effect,safety,and environmental protection are feasible directions for future research on prevention technologies.

关 键 词：酸性矿山排水 预防技术 物理氧气屏障 杀菌剂 表面钝化 

分 类 号：TD74[矿业工程—矿井通风与安全]