基于遥感监测的工地和裸地扬尘排放与管控  

Dust emission and control of construction sites and bare land based on remote sensing monitoring

作　　者：李婷婷 徐涛[1,2] 耿凯宇 曾庆伟 公福钱 樊守彬 LI Ting-ting;XU Tao;GENG Kai-yu;ZENG Qing-wei;GONG Fu-qian;FAN Shou-bin(Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Eco-Environmental Protection,Beijing 100037,China;National Engineering Research Center of Urban Environmental Pollution Control,Beijing 100037,China;Department of Ecology and Environment of Changping,Beijing,Beijing 102200,China;Beijing Zhongyun Weitu Technology Co.LTD,Beijing 100096,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市生态环境保护科学研究院,北京100037 [2]国家城市环境污染控制工程技术研究中心,北京100037 [3]北京市昌平区生态环境局,北京102200 [4]北京中云伟图科技有限公司,北京100096

出　　处：《中国环境科学》2023年第6期2823-2832,共10页China Environmental Science

基　　金：北京市科技计划项目(Z191100009119011);大气重污染成因与治理攻关项目(DQGG0201)。

摘　　要：以北京市昌平区为研究对象,基于遥感监测并结合排放系数法,分析了工地和裸地扬尘源分布、扬尘排放特征和管控情况.结果表明,不同规模工地总面积相差不大,其中小型工地数量占绝对优势,大、中型工地防尘到位率高于小型工地.与工地相比裸地总面积大、数量多、单位面积小,管控难度相对更大,防尘到位率最低.北七家镇和沙河镇工地面积占全区工地总面积的40%,城市建设由回天地区向北发展.回天地区和与之相邻的沙河镇、北七家镇防尘到位率较高,百善镇、崔村镇及北部的三个山区镇防尘到位率较低.昌平区2021年工地和裸地扬尘TSP排放量分别为48285,2756t,裸地扬尘仅为施工扬尘的6%.与无管控措施的理论值相比,工地和裸地扬尘均减排了25%,其中回天地区工地和裸地扬尘管控成效优于其他地区.本研究将本地化排放模型和遥感解译综合应用于扬尘排放量估算,可以解决采用非本地化排放因子对排放量的低估问题,为促进工地和裸地扬尘测算本地化、提高时空精度和更新效率提供了一种思路.Taking Changping District of Beijing as a research object,based on remote sensing monitoring and emission factor method,this paper analyzed the distribution,emission characteristics and control situation of dust sources from construction sites and bare land.The results showed that the total area of construction sites with different scales was not much different,among which small-scale construction sites account for an absolute advantage,and the dustproof rate of large and medium-sized construction sites was higher than that of small-scale construction sites.Compared with construction sites,bare land had a larger total area,more quantity,smaller unit area,and relatively greater difficulty in control.The dustproof rate of bare land was the lowest.Beiqijia Town and Shahe Town account for 40%of the total area of construction sites in the whole district,indicating that urban construction was developing northward from Huitian area.The dustproof rate of Huitian area and its adjacent Shahe Town and Beiqijia Town was higher than that of Baishan Town,Cuicun Town and three mountainous towns in the north.The TSP emissions from construction sites and bare land in Changping District were 48285t and 2756t respectively in 2021.The dust emission from bare land was only 6%of that from construction sites.Compared with the theoretical value without control measures,both construction site dust and bare land dust reduced emissions by 25%,among which Huitian area had better control effect on both construction site dust and bare land dust than other areas.This study combined localized emission model with remote sensing interpretation to estimate dust emission amount,which can solve the problem of underestimation of emission amount by using non-localized emission factors.It provided a way to promote localization of dust measurement for construction site and bare land,improved spatial-temporal accuracy and update efficiency.

关 键 词：遥感监测 扬尘源分布 防尘到位率 扬尘排放量 管控成效 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程]