宅基地使用权先买权的制度逻辑与法律适用  

System logic and law application of pre-emptive right to purchase the right to use homestead

作　　者：袁文全[1] 牛小玉 YUAN Wen-quan;NIU Xiao-yu

机构地区：[1]重庆大学法学院,重庆400045

出　　处：《东南大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2023年第3期90-97,147,148,共10页Journal of Southeast University(Philosophy and Social Science)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“机构养老发展的法治保障研究”(22BFX120);重庆市研究生科研创新项目“民法典视域下宅基地的管制与自治研究”(CYS22097)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：在宅基地“三权分置”背景下,宅基地使用权经转化后转让的制度经验逐渐成熟,一方面要求对其权能扩至处分权能,另一方面也对有关权利、制度供给提出了需求。宅基地使用权先买权具有平衡宅基地经济价值与居住保障功能的制度张力,该权利设立的正当性在与既有先买权的典型规范、制度目的比较分析中得以证成。该权利为法定先买权、形成权,对第三人具有法定对抗效力,权利主体为本集体经济组织及其成员,权利人依出卖人“事后通知”,在知晓出卖人与第三人订立宅基地使用权转让合同后,有权在通知期限内向出卖人做出愿以同等条件购买的单方意思表示。在宅基地使用权转让中,同种先买权竞存与不同先买权竞存应按照差别化原则处理。In the context of the “separation of three rights” regarding rural homesteads, the institutional experience in transferring the right to use homesteads after its conversion has gradually matured. This requires expanding the rights from the right to use to the right of disposal;it also demands relevant rights and institutional provisions. The pre-emptive right to purchase the right to use homesteads balances the economic value of homesteads with their function of providing residential security. The legitimacy of establishing this right is demonstrated through a comparative analysis of typical norms and institutional purposes of pre-emptive rights. This right is a statutory pre-emptive right and a formative right, legally binding against third parties. The rights holder is the collective economic organization and its members, and the right holder has the right to make a unilateral expression of intention to purchase under equal conditions to the seller within the notification period, following the seller’s “subsequent notification” after being aware of the transfer contract of the right to use homesteads between the seller and the third party. In the transfer of the right to use homesteads, the treatment of competing pre-emptive rights of the same type and different types should follow the principle of differentiation.

关 键 词：宅基地“三权分置” 宅基地使用权转让 法定先买权 宅基地使用权先买权 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学] D922.3[政治法律—法学]