晚清华茶行业的积弊与整顿——以蒙俄外销茶为中心的考察  

The Accumulated Disadvantages and Rectification of the Chinese Tea Industry in the Late Qing Dynasty——Taking Mongolia and Russia Export Tea as the Center of the Investigation

作　　者：曾旭 ZENG Xu(School of Political Science and Law,Jiaying university,Meizhou 514015,China)

机构地区：[1]嘉应学院政法学院,广东梅州514015

出　　处：《嘉应学院学报》2023年第2期46-51,共6页Journal of Jiaying University

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目(19ZDA179)。

摘　　要：中国的茶叶行业在经历清前中期的辉煌与鼎盛以后,在晚清时期逐渐衰落。这其中有生产环节的质量把控问题,有成本急剧提高的问题,还存在着税厘和陋规对茶叶产销的侵蚀问题。为了扭转这一态势,华茶商人也积极谋求应对之策,如:设立联合机关,改革茶叶运销体系;厘定茶业条规及处罚规定,杜绝生产环节的积弊;成立茶业公所,对内严惩不法华商,对外抗击外商的“霸王条款”。然而,华茶行业的商人联盟也终归不是牢不可破的“堡垒”,在华茶商人互相倾轧的过程中,使得原本就一蹶不振的晚清茶业彻底走向沉沦。本文主要结合民间商事习惯与民间文献,通过相关制度和个案的考察,以进一步梳理和分析晚清华茶行业的状况。The tea industry in China experienced its glory and prosperity in the first and middle period of the Qing Dynasty,and gradually declined in the late Qing Dynasty.There were the problems of quality control in the production link,of sharply rising costs,and of tariff and bad rules that damage the production and sales of tea.In order to change this situation,Chinese tea merchants also actively sought countermeasures,such as establishing the joint agency,reforming the tea transport and marketing system,determineing the tea industry regulations and punishment provisions,puting an end to the disadvantages of the production link,establishing the tea industry office to punish illegal Chinese businessmen and fight against foreign unreasonable terms.However,the alliance of merchants in the Chinese tea industry was not an unbreakable fortress.In the process of the mutual constraint of the Chinese tea merchants,the tea industry in the late Qing Dynasty,which had been depressed,was completely destroyed.This paper mainly combines the folk business habits and folk literature,through the investigation of relevant systems and individual cases,to further comb and analyze the situation of the Chinese tea industry in the Late Qing Dynasty.

关 键 词：华茶 产销弊端 联合整顿 办茶规程 

分 类 号：K25[历史地理—历史学]