民国时期分娩消毒观念对产婆形象的重塑  

Remodeling midwifery by introducing sterilization in childbirth in the period of Republic of China

作　　者：胡云天 甄橙[2] Hu Yuntian;Zhen Cheng(The School of Health Humanities,Peking University,Beijing 100191,China;The Center for History of Medicine,Peking University,Beijing 100191,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学医学人文学院,北京100191 [2]北京大学医史学研究中心,北京100191

出　　处：《中华医史杂志》2023年第2期81-87,共7页Chinese Journal of Medical History

基　　金：国家社科基金冷门绝学研究专项学术团队项目(22VJXT010)。

摘　　要：清末民初西方产科学传入中国,其中分娩消毒能够有效降低产后感染的发生。民国时期的中国妇婴死亡率较高,大部分是由产褥热与新生儿破伤风而导致,因此中国传统的接生人员(产婆)被认为是“肮脏”的。为了改善妇婴健康状况,民国政府大力发展助产事业,并将产婆纳入到助产教育之中加强相关教育。在推广新法接生、普及分娩消毒观念时,接生篮的使用降低了妇婴死亡率,进而使产婆形象有所改善。同时,接受相关知识学习的产婆在家庭助产教育中也起到了重要作用。In the period of the Republic of China,the maternal and infant mortality rates were high,most of which were caused by puerperal fever and neonatal tetanus.In this sense,Chinese traditional midwives were often regarded as"dirty".After western obstetrics was introduced into China in the late Qing Dynasty and the early period of the Republic of China,the occurrence of postpartum infection was effectively reduced with childbirth disinfection.To improve the health status of women and infants,the government of the Republic of China put in place measures to develop midwifery.The training of the traditional midwives was included in midwifery education.The delivery basket was used to help promote the new method of delivery and popularise the concept of sterilization of delivery.Thus,midwifery was remodeled and the remodeled midwives played an important role in family midwifery education.

关 键 词：消毒 产婆 新法接生 助产教育 

分 类 号：K258[历史地理—历史学] R2-09[历史地理—中国史]