俄罗斯的“帝国性”特征与“安全困境”  

Russia's"Imperiality"and"Security Dilemma"

作　　者：薛福岐[1] Xue Fuqi

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院俄罗斯东欧中亚研究所战略研究室

出　　处：《俄罗斯学刊》2023年第3期5-18,共14页Academic Journal of Russian Studies

基　　金：中国社会科学院俄罗斯东欧中亚研究所创新工程项目“欧亚地区战略态势(2022—2027)”;中国社会科学院智库重点项目“欧亚地区的组合、重组与分化——以中国国家利益为视角”阶段性成果。

摘　　要：安全是任何国家生存与发展的必要条件,俄罗斯也不例外。俄罗斯拥有与美国比肩、足以保障自身安全的核武库,庞大的常规军力和强大的战争能力,从军事实力角度其安全能够得到充分保障。与此同时,俄罗斯对安全的理解,对“绝对安全”的追求,安全优先等不仅体现在思想观念层面,更是构成其内外政策文件的基本内涵和内外政策实践的“绝对命令”,且具有极强连续性。俄罗斯这种一方面拥有足够安全保障,另一方面对安全无止境追求的现象可谓是一种独特的“安全困境”。对于这一现象,可以从俄罗斯国家身份“帝国性”特征与“安全困境”二者之间的关系角度进行解释。俄罗斯国家身份“帝国性”特征与“安全困境”互为前提、相互建构、相互强化。俄罗斯向现代国家的转型则需要十分强大的内生性思想资源以及对政治权力与社会的关系的必要调整。因而这也是我们观察俄罗斯未来发展变化的一个重要视角。Security is a necessary condition for the survival and development of any country and Russia is no exception.Russia has a nuclear arsenal which is comparable to that of the US and sufficient to guarantee its own security,a huge conventional military force,and a strong war capability.From the perspective of military strength,its security can be fully guaranteed.At the same time,Russia's understanding of security,pursuit of"absolute security",and security priority are not only reflected in the ideological level,but also constitute the basic connotation of its internal and external policy and the"absolute imptrative"of its internal and external practices.The phenomenon that Russia has sufficient security guarantees,but still endlessly pursuit security can be described as a unique"security dilemma".This phenomenon can be explained by the relationship between the"imperial"character of Russia's national identity and its"security dilemma".The"imperial"character of Russia's national identity and the"security dilemma"presuppose,construct and strengthen each other.Against the background of unprecedented changes in the world system,Russia's transition to a modern country requires very strong endogenous ideological resources and necessary adjustments to the relationship between political power and society.This is an important perspective for us to observe Russia's future development and changes.

关 键 词：俄罗斯 “帝国性” “安全困境” 国家转型 

分 类 号：D73[政治法律—政治学] D77.512.0[政治法律—中外政治制度]