俄罗斯生物安全立法与实践  

Biosafety Legislation and Practice in Russia

作　　者：李燕[1] Li Yan

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院世界经济与政治研究所/国家全球战略智库

出　　处：《俄罗斯学刊》2023年第3期39-63,共25页Academic Journal of Russian Studies

基　　金：中国社会科学院创新工程基础学者研究项目“‘一带一盟’对接与推动构建人类命运共同体研究”(项目编号:XJ2020004)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：独立30多年来,俄罗斯生物安全问题很多,主要包括“苏联遗留问题”带来的国内生物威胁没有完全消除、生物安全治理投入有限、外部威胁对俄罗斯生物安全影响不断上升、美欧国家提升生物安全级别给俄罗斯带来严重警示以及国际社会协作不足等。进入21世纪以来,普京政府对俄罗斯生物安全进行规范与治理。俄罗斯生物安全立法工作主要体现在三个层面:一是按照传统立法,把化学和生物作为一个安全领域,统一规范;二是生物安全作为国家安全战略的一部分,在2009年、2015年和2021年《俄罗斯联邦国家安全战略》中对生物安全做出规定;三是对生物安全单独立法,于2020年正式公布了《俄罗斯联邦生物安全法》。俄罗斯政府用立法规范生物安全活动,并在实践中完善立法,通过落实法规,提升生物技术的科技水平,加大资金保障和人才培养力度,加强生物安全跟踪和监测,在地区和国际层面积极开展国际合作,努力提高生物安全治理水平。Over the past 30 years after its independence,Russia has many biosecurity problems,including the incomplete elimination of domestic biological threats brought by the"Soviet legacy",limited investment in biosecurity governance,the rising impact of external threats on Russia's biosecurity,the serious warning brought by the upgrading of biosecurity levels of the US and European countries,and insufficient cooperation in the international community.Since the beginning of the 21st century,the Putin government has started to regulate Russia's biosecurity and resolve related problems.Russia's biosafety legislation is mainly reflected in three levels:first,in accordance with traditional legislation,Chemistry and biology as safety fields are uniformly regulated;the second is to include biosafety as part of the national security strategy,and to provide for biosecurity in the National Security Strategy of the Russian Federation in 2009,2015 and 2021;the third is separate legislation on biosafety,and the"Law on the Biological Safety of the Russian Federation"was officially promulgated in 2020.The Russian government regulates biosafety activities with legislation,improves legislation in practice,promotes the scientific and technological level of biotechnology through the implementation of laws and regulations,increases funding guarantees and personnel training,strengthens biosecurity tracking and monitoring,actively carries out international cooperation at the regional and international levels,and strives to improve the level of biosafety governance.

关 键 词：俄罗斯 《俄罗斯联邦生物安全法》 生物安全 生物实验室 

分 类 号：D73[政治法律—政治学] D7377.512.339[政治法律—中外政治制度]