唐代士人出世观与入世观共同的“自我”思想根基——以言志诗为中心的考察  

The Common Foundation of the Self-centered Thought in the Tang Scholar's Reclusive and Secularistic Views

作　　者：熊忭 Xiong Bian(School of Humanities,China University of Political Science and Law,Beijing 100088,China)

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学人文学院,北京100088

出　　处：《北京大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2023年第3期89-98,共10页Journal of Peking University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：中国政法大学科研创新项目“魏晋以降‘诗言志’话语的意涵演变研究”(项目编号:22ZFQ75001)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：唐代士人普遍表现出了调和入世与出世两种选择的心理,而要想真正理解这一现象,必须回答一个关键问题:这样两种相互悖反的追求,是如何在其思想中实现结合的?通过考察当时的言志诗写作可以发现,唐人的入世观与出世观,实际上都立足于一共通的思想基点,那就是以“自我”为中轴的主导意识。他们普遍期待的出世愿景,是在人世田园中,借助饮酒等形式回归自我心灵,实现自我的适意。其对于入世的向往,也普遍淡化了家国色彩,而代之以成就自我功名的强烈诉求,且在入世受挫后,很容易陷入“不可得”的个人哀伤愁绪中。他们之所以能够自洽地实现入世观与出世观的结合,正是有赖于对此根本思想底色的坚持。The scholars of the Tang Dynasty universally intended to reconcile the reclusive and secularistic views in their psychological selection.If we want to truly understand this phenomenon,we need to know how they mediated the paradoxical choices in their thinking.Through observing how the will-expressing poems(言志诗)were wrtten in the Tang Dynasty,we can realize that the Tang scholars'reclusive and secularistic views were actually based on a common ideological foundation,that is,their self-centered dominating consciousness.The seclusive vision they generally expected,was to return to their self-centered soul and fulfill their self-centered satisfaction,by such means as drinking in the rural scene.Their secularistic yearning also diluted their home-and-motherland coloration,and replaced it by their strong pursuit for the realization of self-centered scholarly honor and official rank.When they suffered a setback in going into secular society,they were liable to fall into the“unavailable”personal gloomy mood.They could self-consistently integrate the secularistic view with the reclusive view.It depended upon their persistence in this fundamental thought.In conclusion,self-centeredness was the binding point of the Tang scholars'reclusive and secularistic views.

关 键 词：入世观 出世观 自我 唐代言志诗 

分 类 号：I207.2[文学—中国文学]