城市最低生活保障受助规模持续缩减的形成机制研究——基于政策执行视角的分析  

Exploring Mechanisms of Continuous Reduction in the Number of Urban Dibao Recipients:An Analysis from a Policy Implementation Perspective

作　　者：王强 Wang Qiang(School of Public Administration,Hainan University,Haikou 570228,China)

机构地区：[1]海南大学公共管理学院

出　　处：《社会保障评论》2023年第2期127-144,共18页Chinese Social Security Review

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“农村低保资格认定中的数字治理困境及政策创新研究”(22CSH071);海南省社科基金项目“数字治理背景下海南省农村低保资格认定机制创新研究”(HNSK22-195)。

摘　　要：近年来,中央开始系统推动低保提标扩围,并持续增加救助资金投入,但城市低保受助人数和覆盖率反而连续13年大幅缩减,呈现出“标提围扩量减悖论”。城市低保受助人数持续大规模缩减将增加漏保风险,长远来看还将制约共同富裕目标的实现。本文通过构建一个整合性政策执行分析框架,对H省低保政策执行分析发现:城市低保缩减执行主要表现为低保政策执行上“积极清退与消极纳保”,这是由基层执行者面临的执行成本、执行资源与能力、执行风险这三方面共同形塑的。低保扩面会增加行政成本和财政成本导致基层不想多纳保;政策执行者执行扩面的资源和能力不足导致其没有能力多纳保;政策执行者面临的错保问责风险导致其不敢多纳保。本研究为城市低保规模持续缩减提供了学理解释并为破解低保扩面的堵点提出政策建议。Despite increased investment from the central government to expand dibao coverage and benefit levels,the number of recipients and coverage rate of the urban dibao program has significantly decreased over the past 13 years.This continued reduction poses the risk of eligible individuals not being enrolled and hinders the achievement of the goal of common prosperity.This article proposes an integrated framework for policy implementation analysis and examines dibao policy implementation in H province.The study finds that the reduction in the size of the urban dibao program mainly manifests as"active withdrawal and passive inclusion",influenced by implementation costs,resources and capacity,and implementation risks faced by grassroots implementers.The increase in administrative and financial costs associated with dibao program expansion results in reluctance among grassroots-level implementers to increase coverage.The lack of resources and capacity of policy implementers leads to their inability to increase coverage,and the risk of being held accountable for wrong coverage deters policy implementers from expanding coverage.This study provides a theoretical explanation for the continuous reduction in the size of the urban dibao program and suggests ways in which policy implementation can be improved to support effective expansion strategies.

关 键 词：城市最低生活保障 受助规模缩减 政策执行 

分 类 号：D632.1[政治法律—政治学]