河口沉积物细菌群落结构特征及其碳氮源解析  

Structure Characteristics of Bacterial Community in Estuarine Sediments and Source Apportionment of Carbon/Nitrogen

作　　者：刘萍 房吉敦[2] 李健 张军 LIU Ping;FANG Jidun;LI Jian;ZHANG Jun(College of Biological and Environmental Engineering,Binzhou University,Binzhou 256600,China;Shandong Provincial Key Lab of Eco-environmental Science for the Yellow River Delta,Binzhou University,Binzhou 256600,China)

机构地区：[1]滨州学院生物与环境工程学院,山东滨州256600 [2]滨州学院山东省黄河三角洲生态环境重点实验室,山东滨州256600

出　　处：《环境科学与技术》2023年第4期166-175,共10页Environmental Science & Technology

基　　金：国家自然基金面上项目(41877353)。

摘　　要：河口沉积物存在丰富的微生物群落,这些微生物对驱动河口及近岸海域生物地球化学过程起着至关重要作用,深入了解河口沉积物特性、微生物组成及其影响因子,对探究河口及近岸海域地球化学过程及生态环境保护具有重要意义。该文结合碳氮同位素分析技术及Illumina NovaSeq高通量测序技术,以小岛河河口沉积物采集的3个样点,33个沉积物样品,分析了沉积物年代、有机质来源及不同年代沉积物微生物群落特征,探讨了不同环境因子对不同年代沉积物微生物群落的影响。结果表明:小岛河0~100 cm沉积物,沉积时间长达175 a,沉积物中的碳、氮来源主要是海藻、地衣、大气中的NO_(3)^(-)和NH_(4)^(+)、NO_(2)^(-)及海洋悬浮有机质;优势种群包括变形菌门、绿弯菌门、厚壁菌门、拟杆菌门、放线菌门和酸杆菌门,微生物丰度及多样性在不同年代的沉积物之间没有差异,但种群结构组成随沉积时间延长,在不同水平上略有不同;不同地点的取样点之间α-多样性及进化特征具有显著差异;C/N是影响沉积物中微生物群落结构的主要环境因子。小岛河沉积物微生物分布特征和群落结构受河口冲积物及潮汐的影响,人类活动对该地区影响较小,这些信息进一步增加了对黄河三角洲河口生态系统微生物分布格局的理解。There are abundant microbial communities in estuarine sediments,which play a critical role in driving the bio-geochemical process of estuarine and near-shore sea and it is of great significance to probe into the estuarine sediments characters,microbial composition and influencing factors of microorganisms for getting knowledge of the geochemical process and ecological protection of estuarine and near-shore sea.In this study,a total of 33 sediment samples were collected from three sampling points in the Xiaodao River Estuary,then isotope analysis technique and the Ilumina Novaseq high-throughput sequencing technology were used for analyzing the sediment samples to determine the sediment age,the source of organic matter and the characteristics of microbial communities in sediments of different ages,and besides,the effects of different environmental factors on microbial communities in the sediments with different ages were also discussed.Findings of this study presented that the maximal depth of the sediment sample collected in the River was 100 cm,the deposition time for depth of 0~100 cm being 175 years;the carbon/nitrogen sources in the sediments came mainly from algae,lichens,atmospheric NO_(3)^(-),NH_(4)^(+),NO_(2)^(-)and marine suspended organic matter;and the dominant populations consisted of Proteobacteria,Chlorofloxi,Firmicutes,Bacteroidetes,Actinobacteria and Acidobacteria.Besides,no differences of microbial abundance and diversity were found among the sediments of different ages,however the composition of population structure slightly varied at different levels with the extension of deposition time;α-diversity and evolutionary relationship of microbes differed significantly for the sediments at the different sampling points;and C/N is the main environmental factor affecting the microbial community structure in sediments.In summary,the microbial distribution characteristics and community structure of sediments in the River were affected by the estuarine alluvium and tide,and the influence of anthropogenic

关 键 词：河口 沉积物 细菌群落 同位素 短源河流 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程]