2012—2021年四川省新发矽肺病例流行病学特征分析  

Study on the epidemiological characteristics of new silicosis casesin Sichuan Province from 2012 to 2021

作　　者：蒋恩霏[1] 储卫忠 商维维[1] 杜利利[1] JIANG Enfei;CHU Weizhong;SHANG Weiwei;DU Lili(Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Chengdu 610041,Sichuan Province,China.)

机构地区：[1]四川省疾病预防控制中心,成都610041

出　　处：《预防医学情报杂志》2023年第5期481-486,492,共7页Journal of Preventive Medicine Information

基　　金：四川省软科学研究计划项目(项目编号:2021JDR0338)。

摘　　要：目的研究四川省新发矽肺病例流行病学特征,为科学防控提供依据。方法收集四川省2012—2021年在职业病及健康危害因素监测信息系统中报告的新发矽肺病例,描述其三间分布、发病年龄和发病工龄情况,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果2012—2021年,四川省报告13577例矽肺病例平均发病年龄为(59.11±10.54)岁,发病工龄为7.67(3.25,22.25)年,工龄小于5年的有5035例(37.08%);以壹期矽肺为主(60.07%);主要集中在巴中、达州和乐山市(53.62%);石工、凿岩工和掘进工(72.96%)高发;主要分布在中小微型企业(84.19%),土木工程建筑业、铁路、船舶、航空航天和其他运输设备制造业、煤炭开采和洗选业和有色金属矿采选业(37.90%)是矽肺高发行业。矽肺病例不同工种间的发病工龄差异有统计学意义(Ρ<0.001),凿岩工发病工龄最短,为4.00(2.83,6.00)年;不同规模企业的矽肺病例发病工龄差异有统计学意义(Ρ<0.001),小微企业发病工龄短于大、中型企业;不同行业间发病工龄差异有统计学意义(Ρ<0.001),土木工程建筑业,铁路、船舶、航空航天和其他运输设备制造业,有色金属矿采选业和非金属矿采选业发病工龄中位数均小于10年。结论2012—2021年四川省矽肺例数和工龄小于5年的矽肺病例数均呈下降趋势,发病工龄较短,并具有地区、行业聚集性,危害仍然较严重。Objective To study the epidemiological characteristics of silicosis cases in Sichuan province,and to provide basis for scientific prevention and control strategies.Methods Through the monitoring information system of silicosis,the data of occupational pneumoconiosis in Sichuan province from 2012 to 2021 were collected.The distribution of silicosis described by the three distributions,age of onset and length of service.The difference was statistically significant with P<0.05.Results A total of 13577 cases of silicosis were reported in Sichuan province from 2012 to 2021,the average age of onset was(59.11±10.54)years,and the average length of service was 7.67(3.25,22.25)years.About 5035 cases with less than 5 years of service,accounted for 37.08%,mainly primary silicosis(60.07%).The cases were majority distributed in Bazhong,Dazhou and Leshan cities(53.62%).The high incidence among stone workers,rock drillers and tunnellers(72.96%).Mainly distributed in medium,small and micro enterprises(84.19%).Civil engineering construction industry,railway,ship,aerospace and other transportation equipment manufacturing industry,coal mining and washing industry and nonferrous metal mining and dressing industry(37.90%)were high incidence industries of silicosis.There was a statistically significant difference in length of service between different types of work(Ρ<0.001),the working years of rock drillers was shortest[4.00(2.83,6.00)years].There was a statistically significant difference in the length of service of silicosis in enterprises of different sizes(Ρ<0.001),small and micro enterprises were shorter than the large and medium enterprises.The difference of length of service in different industries was statistically significant(Ρ<0.001).The median length of service in civil engineering construction industry,railway,ship,aerospace and other transportation equipment manufacturing industry,nonferrous metal mining and dressing industry and non-metallic mining and dressing industry were all below 10 years.Conclusions From 2012 t

关 键 词：尘肺 矽肺 流行病学特征 四川省 

分 类 号：R135.2[医药卫生—劳动卫生]