芽孢杆菌YF-15的筛选、鉴定及对蚕豆秸秆青贮营养品质的影响  

Screening and identification of Bacillus YF-15 and its effect on nutritional quality of faba bean straw

作　　者：杨福华 刘韶娜 廖隽锐 常雅洁 李新荣 霍金龙[1] 赵智勇 YANG Fu-hua;LIU Shao-na;LIAO Jun-rui;CHANG Ya-jie;LI Xin-rong;HUO Jin-long;ZHAO Zhi-yong

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学动物科学技术学院,云南昆明650201 [2]云南省畜牧兽医科学院,云南昆明650224

出　　处：《饲料研究》2023年第9期121-125,共5页Feed Research

基　　金：云南省重大科技专项计划(项目编号:202102AE090039);曲靖麒麟区畜禽养殖废弃物资源化利用产业科技特派团(项目编号:202204BI090010)。

摘　　要：研究旨在从新鲜的育肥猪粪中筛选鉴定优良芽孢杆菌(Bacillus),探究菌株特性,评价其对蚕豆秸秆发酵效果。从猪粪中获得芽孢杆菌,通过形态特征观察、革兰氏染色以及生长趋势、产酸性能、抗生素耐受性分析确定芽孢杆菌的基本特性;利用分子生物学方法进行16S rDNA同源性分析,构建系统发育树鉴定芽孢杆菌;将筛选到的芽孢菌株接种到蚕豆秸秆中青贮,确定其对蚕豆秸秆气味、结构、色泽以及营养成分的综合影响效果。结果显示,试验筛选到1株疑似芽孢菌的菌株,该菌株在LB琼脂培养基上的单菌落呈杆状、灰白色、圆形、表面光滑、边缘整齐,单生或成对生长,革兰氏染色阳性。结合生物学分析,鉴定菌株为芽孢杆菌,命名为Bacillus YF-15。耐药性试验结果显示,该菌株对卡那霉素和庆大霉素中度敏感。发酵试验结果显示,添加YF-15芽孢杆菌可提高蚕豆秸秆发酵物的风味,降低pH值和粗纤维(CF)含量,提高粗脂肪(EE)、粗蛋白(CP)含量。研究表明,试验筛选到的芽孢杆菌YF-15能够改善蚕豆秸秆青贮饲料营养品质,在蚕豆秸秆发酵方面具有良好的开发和应用前景。The research was to screen and identify excellent Bacillus from fresh fattening pig manure,explore the characteristics of strain,and evaluate its effects on fermentation of broad bean straw.The study obtained Bacillus from pig manure,determined the basic characteristics of Bacillus through morphological observation,Gram staining,growth trend,acid production performance and antibiotic resistance analysis.Using molecular biology methods for 16S rDNA homology analysis,constructing a phylogenetic tree to identify Bacillus subtilis.Inoculate the screened spore strains into silage of broad bean straw to determine their comprehensive effects on odor,structure,color and nutritional composition of broad bean straw.The results showed that a strain suspected of being a spore was screened in experiment.The single colony of the strain on LB agar medium was rod-shaped,gray white,circular,with a smooth surface and neat edges,growing alone or in pairs,and positive for Gram staining.By combining biological methods,it was identified as Bacillus and named Bacillus YF-15.The drug resistance test results showed that the strain was moderately sensitive to kanamycin and gentamicin.The fermentation test results showed that adding Bacillus YF-15 could enhance the flavor of fermented broad bean straw,reduce pH value and CF content,increase the content of EE and CP.The study indicates that the Bacillus YF-15 screened in experiment can improve the nutritional quality of silage of broad bean straw,and has a good development and application prospect in the fermentation of broad bean straw.

关 键 词：芽孢杆菌 分离 鉴定 蚕豆秸秆 青贮 发酵评价 

分 类 号：S816.5[农业科学—饲料科学]