曾公[田求]钟铭所见曾国建国史实考  

Research on the Historical Facts of the Establishment of the Zeng State from the Inscriptions of Zeng Gong Qiu Bell

作　　者：黄益飞[1] HUANG Yifei(Institute of Archaeology,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100101,China)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院考古研究所,北京100101

出　　处：《北京师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第3期130-138,共9页Journal of Beijing Normal University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金冷门“绝学”和国别史等研究专项“甲骨文与殷礼研究”(19VJX114);“古文字与中华文明传承发展工程”资助项目“商代礼制研究”(G3615)。

摘　　要：曾公[田求]钟铭对研究周代天命观、分封制及建国史实具有很高的学术价值。曾公[田求]钟铭追述的西周初年曾国高祖伯适受命及皇祖南公建于南土、受命作邦的天命观,与屡见于周代文献记载的周文王受命、武王克商建立周王朝的天命观相同,为周代天命观研究提供了重要史料。曾公[田求]钟铭所记曾国封邦建国、藩屏周室的分封制度,尤其是受封为诸侯之时分殷亳社之土在国中立亳社之制(“析应亳社”)皆可与文献记载对读;并且钟铭所载皇祖南公受命为州牧、“涉政淮夷”等事,对于认识西周时期的州牧制度及周王朝对淮夷的统治提供了崭新的史料。对观曾公[田求]钟铭记载的曾侯佐助昭王南征之事与湖北随州叶家山墓地的考古发现,可知佐助昭王者为叶家山M111的墓主人曾侯犺。The inscriptions of Zeng Gong Qiu Bell are of great academic value on the study of the concept of the Mandate of Heaven,the enfeoffment system,and the historical facts of the establishment of the Zeng State in the Zhou Dynasty.The history of the appointment of Bo Shi(the high ancestor of the Zeng State)and the establishment of the Zeng State in the southern Zhou by the ancestor of Nangong in the early Western Zhou Dynasty are recorded in the inscriptions of Zeng Gong Qiu Bell.This historical record is the same as the concept of the Mandate of Heaven that is often found in the documents of the Zhou Dynasty and embodied in the appointment of King Wen of Zhou and the establishment of the state by his successor of the King Wu.This provides important historical materials for the study of the concept of the Mandate of Heaven in the Zhou Dynasty.The enfeoffment system and the establishment of the Zeng State,which was to defend the Zhou Dynasty,as recorded in the inscriptions of Zeng Gong Qiu Bell,especially the history that Zeng was appointed as one of the vassal states and was allocated of the soil of Bo She of Yin and established the system of Bo She in the Zeng State,all can be read in contrast to the documents.Moreover,the inscriptions record the facts that the ancestor of Nangong was appointed as Zhou Mu and was“involved in the politics of Huaiyi”,providing new historical materials for understanding the Zhou Mu system in the Western Zhou Dynasty and its rule over Huaiyi.According to the Southern Expedition of the King Zhao assisted by the Marquis of Zeng,recorded in the inscriptions of Zeng Gong Qiu Bell and the archaeological findings in the cemetery of Yejiashan in Suizhou,Hubei Province,it has been known that Kang,the Marquis of Zeng,is the owner of the tomb M111 of Yejiashan.

关 键 词：曾公[田求]钟铭 分封制度 亳社 州牧 淮夷 

分 类 号：K22[历史地理—历史学]