个人金融数据保护与治理:以金融机构数据产权为视角  

Personal Financial Data Protection and Gover⁃nance:A Perspective on Data Property Rights of Financial Organizations

作　　者：黄文超 Huang Wenchao(Law School,East China University of Political Science and Law,Shanghai 200042,China)

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学法律学院,上海200042

出　　处：《科技与法律（中英文）》2023年第3期137-148,共12页Science Technology and Law（Chinese-English Version）

基　　金：The project of Hainan Provincial Education Fund"Legal System Construction for the Establishment and Protection of Data Property Rights in the Context of Hainan Free Trade Port"(Hnkyzc2023-19)。

摘　　要：数据产权一直是数字经济领域讨论最多的问题之一。随着数字金融在数字经济和全球贸易中发挥巨大作用,金融服务领域的数据治理将成为支持全球数字经济发展的重要基础设施。金融数据的价值在于共享、流动和分析,是构建金融信用风险防范体系的基础资源。金融数据壁垒阻碍了数据的流动,主要原因是:个人金融数据产权不明确、个人同意的泛化利用、法律监管不健全、企业合规成本高。传统观念中,个人热衷于对自己的数据行使权利,保护数据不被他人利用。但这并不奏效,尤其在金融数据领域。金融数据具有信用评价的功能,可以准确描绘个人的信用画像;个人金融数据还具有社会价值、资产价值、分配价值等与社会公共利益相关的价值属性,不宜将个人金融数据的权利私人化。金融机构基于服务目的和数据安全目的对个人金融数据的事实控制,应得到法律确认,并进一步授权金融机构享有占有、使用和收益等权利。金融机构数据产权制度将更有利于保护个人金融数据,发挥数据的流通价值,促进数字金融的健康发展。Data property rights has been extensively discussed in the digital economy.With the rise of digital fi⁃nances's importance in the global trade and digit economy,data governance in the finance services sector will become a critical infrastructure in supporting the development of the global digital economy.The value of financial data lies in the sharing,flow,and analysis.It is a fundamental resource for building a financial credit risk prevention system.Fi⁃nancial data barriers impede the flow of data,exploring the reasons for their hindrance as unclear property rights to per⁃sonal financial data,generalized use of personal consent,inadequate legal regulation,and high compliance costs for businesses.Traditionally individuals are keen to exercise power over their own data and protect it from others who want to use it for their own benefit or to provide a service to the data subject.However,this has not worked,especially in the area of financial data.Personal financial data has the function of credit evaluation,which can accurately depict the credit"profile"of individuals;personal financial data also has social value,asset value,distribution value and other value attributes related to social public interest.The de facto control of personal financial data by financial organiza⁃tions based on service purposes and data security purposes should be confirmed by law and further authorized property rights such as possession,use and benefit enjoyed by financial institutions.The data property rights system of financial organizations is more conducive to protecting personal financial data,bringing into play the circulation value of data and promoting the development of the digital finance.

关 键 词：金融数据产权 数据信用 数据画像 数据治理 

分 类 号：D912[政治法律—法学]