从村级自治到多元共治:乡村纠纷调解的逻辑转向及其优化——基于“结构—行动”视角的分析  

From Village-level Self-governance to Multi-subject Co-governance:The Logical Turn and Optimization of Rural Dispute Mediation--Analysis Based on the Perspective of"Structure-Action"

作　　者：郑容坤[1] ZHENG Rongkun(Law School,Minnan Normal University,Zhangzhou,Fujian 363000,China)

机构地区：[1]闽南师范大学法学院,福建漳州363000

出　　处：《求实》2023年第3期95-108,M0006,共15页Truth Seeking

基　　金：国家社会科学基金西部项目“新时代民间信仰赋能乡村治理的路径研究”(22XSH003),负责人:郑容坤。

摘　　要：乡村纠纷调解是一种基于结构与行动的交织过程,表征为乡村社会结构下解纷行动者的策略选择逻辑。乡村纠纷调解遵循村庄内生力量主导下的自治进路这一传统逻辑,形成了与乡土社会小农经济生计模式、家族宗法制度、儒家思想和合观相适应的解纷机制。随着乡土社会结构的转型,村级自治型调解的动力、能力和效能渐趋弱化,乡村纠纷调解需要实现从村级自治型向多元共治型的逻辑转换。多元共治型调解模式通过村级调解组织的能动性治理,创设居于乡镇与村组之间的片区调解单元,促使差异化调解行动者的资源制度化,从而提升乡村治理效能。为发挥多元共治型调解的治理优势,需要立足乡村社会结构转型现实,坚持基层党组织对纠纷调解的领导地位,优化片区调解单元,厘定调解行动者权责结构,激活传统与现代调解资源,以适应乡土社会的发展变化。Rural dispute mediation is an intertwined process based on structure and action,behind which is the strategic choice logic of actors involved in dispute resolution under the rural social structure.The mediation of rural disputes follows the traditional logic of self-governance led by the endogenous force of the village,and forms a dispute resolution mechanism that is compatible with the livelihood model of the peasant economy in local society,the family patriarchal system,and the concept of harmony in Confucianism.With the transformation of the rural social structure,the power,capability and efficiency of village-level mediation based on self-governance are gradually weakening,and rural dispute mediation needs to achieve a logical transformation from village-level self-governance to multisubject co-governance.The multi-subject co-governance mediation model creates a regional mediation unit between towns and villages through the initiative governance of village mediation organizations,which promotes the institutionalization of resources of differentiated mediation actors,thus improving the effectiveness of rural governance.In order to give full play to the advantages of multi-subject cogovernance mediation,it is necessary to base on the reality of rural social structure transformation,adhere to the leadership of primary-level Party organizations in dispute mediation,optimize the mediation units,determine the power and responsibility structure of mediation actors,and activate traditional and modern mediation resources to adapt to the development and changes of local society.

关 键 词：社会治理 乡村治理 村级自治 多元共治 纠纷调解 乡土社会 联片调解模式 结构—行动 

分 类 号：D638[政治法律—政治学] C912.2[政治法律—中外政治制度]