地名通名“弄”的时空演变  

The Spatio-temporal Evolution of Generic Place Name Long

作　　者：胡云晚 邬立帆 Hu Yunwan;Wu Lifan(School of Humanities,Zhejiang University of Science and Technology,310023)

机构地区：[1]浙江科技学院人文学院,浙江杭州310023

出　　处：《中国历史地理论丛》2023年第2期96-107,共12页Journal of Chinese Historical Geography

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“语言接触视域中湘、赣方言的介词类型研究”(20BYY043);浙江科技学院研究生科研创新基金项目“语言变异视域中的对外汉语词汇教学研究—以吴语区为例”(2020yjskc13)。

摘　　要：地名通名“弄”主要有三种演变路径。小巷义的“弄”源于汉语,为吴语特征词,集中分布于浙江、苏南、上海。宋以前,“巷”的吴语方音读如“弄”,吴语与官话同形异音。至迟于南宋,“衖”“衕”开始记录“弄”,吴语官话分流,“弄”“巷”异形异音。“弄”在浙赣移民迁徙的路线上留下痕迹,散见于江西、湖南、湖北、安徽、福建等地,是现代南方方言区形成的缩影。山谷义的“弄”为“巄”之讹变。还有部分“弄”传承于百越语或其他语言。“弄”的分布与演变映射着语言的不同历史层次与接触关系,有助于理解区域文化变迁,为地名规范、地名考证工作提供了一定参考。The general place name Long(弄)has three main evolution paths.Long means the alley,which originates from Chinese and is a characteristic word in Wu dialect.It clusters in Zhejiang,Southern Jiangsu and Shanghai.Before the Song Dynasty,Long was the local sound of Wu dialect of Xiang(巷),and there were the same character but different pronunciation in Wu dialect and Mandarin.No later than the Southern Song Dynasty,the Long(衖)and Tong(衕)began to represent Long,and the differentiation between Wu and Mandarin led to different character and pronunciation of Xiang.Long left traces in the migration route of Zhejiang and Jiangxi immigrants,scattering in Jiangxi,Hunan,Hubei,Anhui,Fujian and other places,which is the epitome of the formation of modern southern dialect areas.Long,which means valley,is the false rumor of Long(巄).Other means of Long are inherited from Baiyue language(百越语).The distribution and evolution of Long reflects different language historical stages and relations of language contact,helping us to understand regional cultural shifts and providing a certain reference for standardization and textual criticism of place name.

关 键 词：地名通名“弄” 语言演变 语言竞争 地理语言学 

分 类 号：K928[历史地理—人文地理学]