2011—2021年美国科技法律制定分析框架及颁布情况分析  

Analysis of the Framework of the U.S.Science and Technology Law Formulation and Its Promulgation from 2011 to 2021

作　　者：孙天昊 郝碧榕 SUN Tianhao;HAO Birong(Institute of American Studies of CASS,Beijing 100007;Institute for International Economic Research NDRC,Beijing 100038)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院美国研究所,北京100007 [2]中国宏观经济研究院对外经济研究所,北京100038

出　　处：《全球科技经济瞭望》2023年第3期16-24,共9页Global Science，Technology and Economy Outlook

基　　金：2022年度中国社科院青年科研启动项目“拜登政府的贸易政策研究”(2022YQNQD056)。

摘　　要：通过建立“美国科技法律的需求-供给分析框架”,对2011—2021年美国科技法律进行案例分析,由此得出:第一,从数量来看,美国关于科技方面的立法数量呈现增长趋势;第二,从领域来看,美国对科技的关注较全面,包括国家安全、教育、信息通信、农业、基础设施、能源、航空航天、企业创新和民生需求;第三,从对象来看,美国科技方面立法占比最大的是民生需求领域;第四,从趋势来看,美国立法越来越注重对标准和规则的制定;第五,从针对国来看,美国从2017年开始关于涉华科技方面的法律条款日益增多,对华科技打压呈日益激烈的态势。基于上述分析,中国对内应加强科技相关立法,增强立法针对性,并增加民生领域的科技投入;对外应积极应对美国对华科技打压,在国际标准和规则体系的制定中发挥主动作用。By establishing“demand-supply analysis framework of the U.S.science and technology law”,this paper analyzes the cases of the U.S.science and technology law policy from 2011 to 2021 and finds that:firstly,the number of legislation on science and technology in the U.S.shows an increasing trend.Secondly,in terms of sectors,the U.S.pays more attention to science and technology in a comprehensive way,including national security,education,information and communications,agriculture,infrastructure,energy,aerospace,enterprise innovation and people’s livelihood.Thirdly,from the perspective of objects,the legislation on science and technology from 2011 to 2021 in the U.S.has taken up the largest proportion in the field of people’s livelihood.Fourthly,judging from the trend,American legislation pays more and more attention to the formulation of standards and rules.Fifthly,from the view of targeted countries,the U.S.has been increasing its legal provisions on China-related science and technology since 2017,showing an increasingly fierce trend of suppressing Chinese science and technology.Based on the above analysis,China should strengthen domestic legislation related to science and technology,enhance the pertinence of legislation,and increase science and technology investment in people’s livelihood.Externally,China should actively respond to the U.S.crackdown on Chinese science and technology and play a proactive role in the formulation of international standards and rules.

关 键 词：美国 科技立法 大国竞争 案例分析 

分 类 号：F171.2[经济管理—世界经济] D771.2[政治法律—政治学]