广东和广西滨海盐沼遥感调查与分析  

Remote Sensing Investigation and Analysis of Coastal Salt Marshes in Guangdong and Guangxi

作　　者：董迪 贾后磊[1,3] 田松 邹智垒 江瀚笙 魏征 许艳[4] 曾纪胜 孙玉超[1,2] 陈启东 杨帆[1,2] 邓昊文 李雪瑞 DONG Di;JIA Houlei;TIAN Song;ZOU Zhilei;JIANG Hansheng;WEI Zheng;XU Yan;ZENG Jisheng;SUN Yuchao;CHEN Qidong;YANG Fan;DENG Haowen;LI Xuerui(South China Sea Institute of Planning and Environmental Research,SOA,Guangzhou510300,China;Key laboratory of Marine Environmental Survey Technology and Application,MNR,Guangzhou510300,China;Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Guangzhou),Guangzhou511458,China;National Marine Data and Information Service,Tianjin300171,China)

机构地区：[1]国家海洋局南海规划与环境研究院,广州510300 [2]自然资源部海洋环境探测技术与应用重点实验室,广州510300 [3]南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(广州),广州511458 [4]国家海洋信息中心,天津300171

出　　处：《海洋开发与管理》2023年第5期64-70,共7页Ocean Development and Management

基　　金：自然资源部海洋环境探测技术与应用重点实验室自主设立课题“基于密集时序多源遥感影像的互花米草监测方法研究”(MESTA-2020-C001),“典型海洋生态系统价值评估及其价值实现路径”(MESTA-2021-C005);自然资源部海洋生态监测与修复技术重点实验室开放研究基金(MEMRT202115);广东省自然科学基金-博士启动“基于多源遥感影像的围海养殖动态监测与时空变化研究”(2018A030310032);南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(广州)人才团队引进重大专项(GML2019ZD0404);2023年省级促进经济高质量发展(海洋经济发展)海洋六大产业专项项目(GDNRC[2023]41)。

摘　　要：滨海盐沼作为重要的湿地生态系统,有极大的社会、经济和生态价值。文章采用多源国产高空间分辨率卫星数据,结合野外现场调查,对广东和广西滨海盐沼开展遥感调查与分析。2019年年底,广东和广西滨海盐沼分布面积分别为1258.00 hm^(2)和1450.36 hm^(2)。广东14个沿海市除茂名市外均有滨海盐沼分布,珠海市、江门市、湛江市的分布面积分别为438.89 hm^(2)、331.83 hm^(2)和162.36 hm^(2),占广东滨海盐沼总面积的34.89%、26.38%和12.91%。广西3个沿海市均有滨海盐沼分布,北海市、防城港市和钦州市的分布面积分别为1354.87 hm^(2)、49.73 hm^(2)和45.76 hm^(2),占广西滨海盐沼总面积的93.41%、3.43%和3.16%。广东和广西互花米草分布面积分别为327.96 hm^(2)和1312.02 hm^(2)。广东海岸带互花米草主要分布在江门市、阳江市、湛江市和潮州市,分布面积分别为179.07 hm^(2)、73.64 hm^(2)、69.72 hm^(2)和5.52 hm^(2)。广东近5年海岸带互花米草面积较为稳定,没有大范围暴发式扩散。广西海岸带互花米草主要分布在北海市和钦州市,分布面积分别为1309.04 hm^(2)和2.98 hm^(2)。广西海岸带互花米草面积比最早引种时增加了1311.08 hm^(2)。互花米草在广西北海东海岸、铁山港、廉州湾和大风江口不断扩张,廉州湾的互花米草仍处于种群扩散的暴发期,需加强对互花米草的监测和防控工作。Coastal salt marshes,as an important wetland type,have great social,economic and ecological values.This study surveyed and analyzed the distribution of coastal salt marshes in Guangdong Province and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,based on multi-source domestic high spatial resolution satellite imagery and field survey.At the end of 2019,the distribution areas of coastal salt marshes in Guangdong and Guangxi were 1258.00 hm^(2)and 1450.36 hm2,respectively.Salt marshes distributed in 14 coastal cities of Guangdong except Maoming.The distribution areas of salt marshes in Zhuhai,Jiangmen and Zhanjiang were 438.89 hm2,331.83 hm^(2)and 162.36 hm2,respectively,accounting for 34.89%,26.38%and 12.91%of the total salt marsh area in Guangdong.Salt marshes distributed in 3 coastal cities of Guangxi.The distribution areas of salt marshes in Beihai,Fangchenggang,and Qinzhou were 1354.87 hm2,49.73 hm^(2)and 45.76 hm2,respectively,accounting for 93.41%,3.43%and 3.16%of the total salt marsh area in Guangxi.The distribution areas of Spartina alterniflora in Guangdong and Guangxi were 327.96 hm^(2)and 1312.02 hm2,respectively.Spartina alterniflora in Guangdong was mainly distributed in Jiangmen,Yangjiang,Zhanjiang and Chaozhou,with the area of 179.07 hm2,73.64 hm2,69.72 hm^(2)and 5.52 hm2,respectively.The area of Spartina alterniflora in the coastal tidal zone of Guangdong has been relatively stable in the past 5 years.Spartina alterniflora in Guangxi was mainly distributed in Beihai and Qinzhou,with the area of 1309.04 hm^(2)and 2.98 hm2,respectively.The area of Spartina alterniflora in Guangxi increased by 1311.08 hm^(2)compared with the introduction year.Spartina alterniflora expanded continuously in the east coast of Beihai,Tieshan Harbor,and Lianzhou Bay,especially Spartina alterniflora in Lianzhou Bay was in the rapid expansion period.More work is suggested to strengthen the operational monitoring,prevention and control of Spartina alterniflora.

关 键 词：盐沼 互花米草 遥感 广东 广西 

分 类 号：S763[农业科学—森林保护学] P76[农业科学—林学]