我国民间借贷利率规制的演进、评析与优化路径  

China's Interest Rate Regulations on Private Lending:Evolution,Review and Optimization

作　　者：常健 魏雁飞 CHANG Jian;WEI Yanfei(Law School,Hainan University,Haikou 570228,Hainan,China)

机构地区：[1]海南大学法学院,海南海口570228

出　　处：《扬州大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2023年第3期55-68,共14页Journal of Yangzhou University(Humanities and Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“中国特色自由贸易港的建设路径及法治保障研究”(18ZDA156)。

摘　　要：民间借贷的蓬勃发展使法律对其核心要素——利率进行规制。1991年和2015年关于民间借贷司法解释、《民法典》及2020年司法解释对民间借贷利率规制在自由放任、管控、适度放开与再度收紧之间徘徊。在对民间借贷利率规制的制度演进进行梳理的基础上,对演进各阶段进行评析,总结利率规制反复与回归的态势,以及利率规制伴随着打击高利贷制止犯罪的特点,进而指出利率规制存在的问题与不足:利率规制难以适应民间借贷负外部性可能引发的公共风险;政府监管部门对利率规制的态度摇摆与暧昧;司法对利率规制的效果仍有待提升等。为此,应当转变利率规制理念,树立“疏”主“禁”辅的理念;建立健全放贷人制度规则,平衡借贷双方权益;探索制定民间借贷利率分类动态指引,提升司法治理效果;引入激励相容法律规制,创新民间借贷监管模式。The vigorous development of private lending has evoked regulations on its core element,interest rates.The judicial interpretation of private lending in 1991 and 2015,the relevant provisions of The Civil Code and the regulation of private lending interest rates in 2020 wander between laissez-faire,control,moderate liberalization and renewed tightening.A review of the relevant regulations at different stages shows that the interest rate regulation is insufficient in avoiding the possible public risks resulting from the negative burden of private lending.Besides,the government regulators'attitude towards interest rate regulation is swinging and ambiguous.Furthermore,the judicial effect of interest rate regulation still needs improvement.Therefore,it is necessary to refresh the concept of interest rate regulation,offering more guidance than prohibition,balancing the rights and interests of debtor and creditor,setting up a classified and dynamic index of private lending interest rate,introducing incentive-compatible regulations,and innovating the supervision model of private lending.

关 键 词：民间借贷 利率规制 司法引导 激励相容 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学] D924[政治法律—法学]