商标混淆可能性判断中的相关公众界定  

Definition of Relevant Sector of General Public Determining Likelihood of Confusion

作　　者：杜颖[1] 杨雨晴 Du Ying;Yang Yu-qing

机构地区：[1]中央财经大学法学院 [2]中央财经大学知识产权研究中心

出　　处：《苏州大学学报（法学版）》2023年第2期114-126,共13页Journal of Soochow University：Law Edition

摘　　要：相关公众是理性人标准适用于商标法的立法拟制主体,应用广泛但指向不明,尤其在混淆可能性判断这一核心应用场景中,司法实践急需更明晰的标准来界定相关公众。在总体思路上,应该以主体群、认知水平两要素绘制相关公众的人物画像。在具体路径上,结合现有司法实践现状,应关注消费者这一重要构成主体;以商品或服务类别为核心,辅以其他特殊因素综合考虑,在个案中具体考量相关公众的地域因素;借助消费者调查问卷、专家辅助人等实际判断者,矫正裁判者的认知偏差,打破相关公众在主观标准客观化逻辑适用中的固有障碍。The relevant sector of general public is legislative fiction of rational person applied by the trademark law.It is widely cited but extremely ambiguous in definition.Especially in determining likelihood of confusion,judicial practice urgently needs clearer test to define the relevant sector of general public.In general,the description of the relevant sector of general public should be drawn based on the two elements of subject group and cognitive level.Given the current status of judicial practice,we shall specifically pay attention to consumers who are the important subject,take the class of goods or services as the pivotal factor supplemented by the others,and consider the regions of the relevant sector of general public on a case by case basis.The questionnaires,expert assistants and other practitioners can be relied on to correct the cognitive bias of judges,and to restrain the inherent subjective tendency while objectively defining the relevant sector of general public.

关 键 词：相关公众 混淆可能性 拟制主体 消费者 考量因素 

分 类 号：D923.43[政治法律—民商法学]