易地搬迁脱贫农户需求层次跟踪研究:缺失、聚拢与代际寄托——以西南边疆民族地区为例证  

A Tracking Study on the Hierarchy of Needs of the Relocated Rural Households in Poverty Alleviation:Taking Southwest Border Ethnic Minority Areas as the Example

作　　者：刘亚娟[1,2] Liu Yajuan

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学公共政策与管理学院,西安710049 [2]中共广西区委党校公共管理教研部,南宁530021

出　　处：《西藏研究》2023年第1期133-142,160,共11页Tibetan Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“西南边疆少数民族易地扶贫搬迁农户稳定脱贫影响因素与政策建议的实证研究”(项目编号:20XMZ084)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：易地搬迁农户在脱贫攻坚战略支持下已经顺利摆脱绝对贫困,后续面临的长期稳定脱贫重任需要激发脱贫农户内生动力。依据马斯洛需求层次理论关于个体需求与其内生动力密切关联的观点,从2021年4月—2022年3月在广西、云南、西藏3省(自治区)易地扶贫搬迁安置点的调研数据发现:易地搬迁脱贫农户需求层次由低到高渐次缺失;生理需求居于核心层次,其它层次需求相对于生理需求,具有“保护”职能和“牺牲”职责,整体需求层次呈现聚拢型;自我实现需求存在代际寄托倾向。因此,依托乡村振兴战略,吸引青壮劳力返乡创业就业,设立心理疏导机构,完善对口帮扶机制,突出边疆民族特色,同时发挥政府机构和家庭内部力量,引导脱贫农户主动追求成长,可以极大地激发脱贫农户的内生动力。With the support of poverty alleviation strategies,the relocated farmers have successfully lifted themselves out of absolute poverty.The farmers endogenous power needs to be stimulated to reach the long-term poverty alleviation demands at the following stage.According to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory,the individual hierarchy of needs is closely related to its endogenous motivation.Based on the data obtained from the field survey of poverty alleviation relocation sites in Guangxi,Yunnan and Tibet from April 2021 to March 2022,it could be found that the needs of poverty alleviation farmers are gradually missing from low to high hierarchy,the physiological needs are at the domain level.Other levels of needs,compared with physiological needs,have the features of“protection”and“sacrifice”.Overall needs hierarchy presents a clustering pattern and self-actualization needs has the tendency of intergenerational sustenance.In a conclusion,to handle with this phenomenon,measures such as relying on rural vitalization strategy,encouraging young labours to start their own business and get employment in their hometown,setting up psychological counselling facilities,perfecting partner assistance mechanism,highlighting the characteristics of ethnic groups in border areas,utilizing the governments at all levels’functions and families’internal forces to stimulate the endogenous motivations of rural relocated farmers should be taken in to concideration to reach the long-term poverty alleviation goals.

关 键 词：需求层次 易地搬迁农户 西南边疆民族地区 

分 类 号：F323.8[经济管理—产业经济] D632.4[政治法律—政治学]