基于虚拟现实眼动试验的老旧地铁车站防火疏散问题研究  

Study on Fire Evacuation of Old Metro Station Based on VR Eye-tracking Experiment

作　　者：杨艳红 潘婷 单宇 乔忠民 YANG Yanhong;PAN Ting;SHAN Yu;QIAO Zhongmin(School of Urban Arts,Tianjin Urban Construction University,300384,Tianjin,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]天津城建大学城市艺术学院,天津300384 [2]天津城建大学建筑学院,天津300384 [3]天津城建大学国际工程学院,天津300384

出　　处：《城市轨道交通研究》2023年第6期83-87,93,共6页Urban Mass Transit

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目(19YJAZH102);国家留学基金项目(202008120010)。

摘　　要：通过采集老旧地铁车站火灾疏散过程的主客观数据,分析疏散过程中的各类影响因素,提出目标测试站点的空间优化建议。综合采用虚拟现实、眼动追踪及问卷调查等技术手段与研究方法,以天津地铁西南角站防火疏散过程为研究对象,进行车站建模与火灾场景渲染,寻找试验人员开展3次不同难易程度的疏散测试,记录试验人员行为数据、眼动仪测试数据及试验后问卷调查数据,综合数据统计分析结果,探究个体行为、基本信息、空间因素等要素对疏散的影响程度。结果表明:试验人员的性别及其对逃生疏散知识的了解程度会影响疏散结果;匀质型空间会影响位置判断,大体量结构易阻挡视线;换乘空间是疏散问题节点,空间复杂与引导标志过多使得试验人员难以快速辨别正确逃生路径;在疏散薄弱环节,空间引导、标志导视、灯光引导对疏散影响较大,其他设备等因素对其影响较小。By collecting the subjective and objective data of the old metro station fire evacuation process and analyzing various influencing factors of the evacuation process,spatial optimization suggestions for the target test station are put forward.By comprehensively adopting technical means such as virtual reality,eye-tracking and questionnaire survey,taking the fire evacuation process of Tianjin Metro Xi’nanjiao Station as the research object,the station modeling and fire scene rendering are carried out,and three evacuation tests of different difficulty levels are conducted on test personnel.The test personnel behavior data,eye-tracking data,post-test questionnaire survey data are recorded,and through comprehensive statistical analysis of these data,the influence of factors including individual behavior,basic information,spatial factors on evacuation is explored.Results show that gender of the test personnel and their evacuation knowledge apprehension level will affect the evacuation results.Homogeneous space will affect position judgment,and large volume structure blocks eyesight;interchange space is the problematic node during evacuation.Complex spatial experience and excessive guide signs make it difficult for test personnel to quickly identify the correct escape path.In the weak link of evacuation,spatial guidance,signage guidance and lighting guidance have a greater impact on evacuation,while factors such as other equipment have less.

关 键 词：地铁车站 防火疏散 虚拟现实 眼动试验 

分 类 号：U231.96[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程] U231.4