家户制、单元叠加与小农户种粮的积极性  

Household System,Unit Superposition and Smallholders’Grain-Growing Motivation

作　　者：阮海波 孟新婷 窦清华 RUAN Haibo;MENG Xinting;DOU Qinghua(Institute of China Rural Studies,Central China Normal University,Wuhan 430079,China;Yibin Municipal Party School,Yibin,Sichuan 644002,China)

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学中国农村研究院,湖北武汉430079 [2]中共宜宾市委党校,四川宜宾644002

出　　处：《农林经济管理学报》2023年第3期388-396,共9页Journal of Agro-Forestry Economics and Management

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大招标项目(20ZD139、2022CXZZ119)。

摘　　要：基于家户制视角,结合家户制度调查材料,梳理小农户种粮积极性变迁的历史轨迹,揭示小农户种粮积极性下降的内在机理。结果表明:传统家户是生活单元、经济单元与政治单元的一体化,家户单元叠加下小农户种粮积极性较高;社会变迁带来家户单元变迁,生活单元走向家庭小型化,经济单元走向收入来源多元化,政治单元面临农业税的取消,家户单元叠加弱化下小农户种粮积极性较低。家户单元叠加的不同状态影响小农户种粮的积极性,其内在机制是家户制的纵横治理结构。家户横向单元的裂变赋予家户自主性,家户纵向单元的分离赋予家户独立性。依据家户自主性、独立性构建4种小农户种粮积极性模式,分别为高自主性与高独立性、低自主性与高独立性、低自主性与低独立性、高自主性与低独立性。在高自主性、高独立性的模式下,农民理性选择意识被激活,种粮只能实现增产,无法实现致富,务工对务农产生替代效应,小农户种粮积极性自然就下降。据此,建议完善农业收益保障制度、充分发挥市场机制的调节作用、以农耕文化厚植家国情怀,解决“谁来种粮”问题,以夯实国家粮食安全的主体基础。Based on the perspective of household system and combined with the research materials of household system,this paper sorted out the historical track of the change in smallholders’grain-growing motivation,and revealed the internal mechanism of the decline of smallholders’grain-growing motivation.The results show that the traditional household is the integration of living unit,economic unit and political unit.Under the unit superposition of households,smallholders have higher grain-growing motivation.As social changes have brought about changes in household units,living units are becoming smaller households,economic units are moving towards income sources diversification,and political units are facing the cancellation of agricultural tax.With the unit superposition of households weakening,smallholders have lower grain-growing motivation.The different states of household units superposition affect smallholders’graingrowing motivation,and its internal mechanism is the vertical and horizontal governance structure of household system.The fission of the household horizontal unit gives household autonomy while the separation of the household vertical unit gives household independence.Based on household autonomy and household independence,four models of the smallholders’grain-growing motivation are constructed,namely high autonomy and high independence,low autonomy and high independence,low autonomy and low independence,high autonomy and low independence.In the model of high autonomy and high independence,the consciousness of peasants’rational choice is activated.Although grain growing can only achieve yield increase,it cannot achieve wealth.In contrast,employment has a substitution effect on farming,resulting in the natural decline of smallholders’grain-growing motivation.Therefore,it is suggested to improve the agricultural income guarantee system,give full play to the regulating role of the market mechanism,cultivate peasants’love for their hometown and the nation,and resolve the issue of“who will grow

关 键 词：家户制 单元叠加 家户自主性 家户独立性 种粮积极性 

分 类 号：F326.11[经济管理—产业经济]