清代陕西民间的土地租佃、典卖与借贷关系初探——以《清嘉庆期刑科题本社会史料辑刊》为中心  

A Preliminary Study on the Relations of Land Lease,Pawn Sale and Loan in Shaanxi in Qing Dynasty

作　　者：梁妍 Liang Yan

机构地区：[1]青海师范大学历史学院,青海西宁810008

出　　处：《高原文化研究》2023年第1期105-112,共8页Plateau Culture Research

摘　　要：清代陕西乡村的土地租、典卖与借贷现象频繁,展现出较为活跃的民间社会状态。档案根据资料显示,陕西民间的土地租佃以定额实物租为主、货币租为辅,土地典当与买卖常发生在亲属或熟人之间且需中人担保;其次,民间私人借贷行为常见,以非机构性的小额借贷为主,体现着乡邻互助的理念;第三,抵押还欠、赊买等现象时有发生,这些围绕土地地租缴纳、地权转让、借贷除买与抵押等现象,极易引发诉讼纠纷与刑事案件,显示出区域社会发展的另一个面相。文章认为清代陕西的土地已经成为一种流通的资本与积累财富的对象,各类围绕地权、钱物的经济活动,既为区域社会阶层流动提供契机,也体现出地域社会发展的自我调适机制。In the Qing Dynasty,rural land leases,pawn sales,and loans were frequent in rural Shanxi,showing a relatively active state of civil society.According to the archives,Shanxi's private land leases are mainly fixed in kind,supplemented by currency rents.Land pawning and sales often occur between relatives or acquaintances and require guarantees by the Chinese.Secondly,private private lending is common.Noninstitutional micro-lending mainly reflects the concept of mutual assistance between neighbors.Third,phenomena such as mortgage repayment and purchase on credit occur from time to time,which revolve around land rent payment,land rights transfer,loan purchase on credit and mortgage.It is easy to cause litigation disputes and criminal incidents,showing another aspect of regional social development.The article believes that the land in Shanxi in the Qing Dynasty has become a kind of circulating capital and an object of accumulation of wealth.Various economic activities around land rights and money have not only provided opportunities for the movement of regional social classes,but also reflected the self-adjustment of regional social development.mechanism.

关 键 词：清代 陕西 土地租佃 借贷 

分 类 号：K249[历史地理—历史学]