新疆冬小麦种质资源主要农艺性状遗传多样性分析  

Genetic diversity of main agronomic traits in Xinjiangwinter wheat germplasm resources

作　　者：黄倩楠 马尔合巴·艾司拜尔 邹辉 王彩荣 艾力买买提·库尔班 孙娜 雷钧杰[2] HUANG Qiannan;Maerheba Aisibaier;ZOU Hui;WANG Cairong;Ailimaimaiti Kuerban;SUN Na;LEI Junjie(Institute of Agricultural Sciences of Ili Prefecture,Yining Xinjiang 835000,China;Key Laboratory of Desert-Oasis Crop Physiology,Ecology and Cultivation,MOARA/Institute of Grain Crops,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi 830091,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆伊犁州农业科学研究所,新疆伊宁835000 [2]新疆农业科学院粮食作物研究所/农业农村部荒漠绿洲作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,乌鲁木齐830091

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2023年第5期1050-1058,共9页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发项目(2021B02002-1,2022B02015-2);国家小麦产业技术体系乌鲁木齐综合试验站(CARS-03-88)~~。

摘　　要：【目的】研究新疆冬小麦种质资源主要农艺性状遗传多样性。【方法】分析232份冬小麦种质资源的株高、有效分蘖数、千粒重等9个主要农艺性状,进行遗传多样性、相关性和聚类综合评价。【结果】新疆232份小麦品种遗传多样性指数较高,9个农艺性状的多样性指数介于1.68~2.10,变异类型丰富,变异系数幅度为10.3%~43.6%,各农艺性状变异系数顺序为单株产量>有效分蘖数>主穗粒重>主穗长>主穗粒数>最多粒数>株高>小穗数>千粒重;主要农艺性状与单株产量的相关程度为:有效分蘖数(0.838)>主穗粒重(0.564)>主穗粒数(0.559)>最多粒数(0.301)>千粒重(0.269)>主穗长(0.224)>株高(-0.196)>小穗数(-0.102),有效分蘖数、主穗粒重、主穗粒数、千粒重对单株产量的直接通径系数和相关系数均达显著水平;在欧式距离为16的位置将232个品种划分为5个类群,分析各类群的9个农艺性状特征发现,类群间存在较大差异。【结论】新疆冬小麦种质资源主要农艺性状变异较大,且遗传多样性丰富。有效分蘖数、主穗粒重、主穗粒数、千粒重对单株产量的影响是直接且正向的,可以作为提高单株产量的筛选指标,且有效分蘖数这一性状应优先选择。【Objective】Study of genetic diversity of main agronomic traits in Xinjiang winter wheat germplasm resources.【Methods】The genetic diversity,correlation and clustering analysis of nine main agronomic traits such as plant height,effective tillers and 1,000-kernel weight of 232 wheat germplasm resources were comprehensively evaluated.【Results】The genetic diversity index of 232 germplasm resources in Xinjiang was high,and the diversity index of 9 agronomic traits ranged from 1.68-2.10.The variation types were rich,and the coefficient of variation range was 10.3%-43.6%.The order of coefficient of variation of agronomic traits was yield per plant>effective tillers>main spike grain weight>main panicle length>main spike grain number>most grain number>plant height>spikelet number>1,000-kernel weight.The correlation between main agronomic traits and yield per plant was as follows:Effective tillers(0.838)>main spike grain weight(0.564)>main spike grain number(0.559)>most grain number(0.301)>1000-kernel weight(0.269)>main spike length(0.224)>plant height(-0.196)>spikelets number(-0.102),The direct path coefficient and correlation coefficient of effective tillers,main spike grain weight,main spike grain number and 1,000-kernel weight on yield per plant were significant.At the Euclidean distance of 16,232 cultivars were divided into 5 groups.Nine agronomic traits of each group were analyzed,and there were significant differences among the groups.【Conclusion】The main agronomic traits of winter wheat germplasm resources in Xinjiang have great variation and rich genetic diversity.Effective tillers,main spike grain weight,main spike grain number and 1,000-kernel weight have direct and positive effects on yield per plant.Therefore,they can be used as screening indexes to improve yield per plant in breeding process,and effective tillers should be preferred.

关 键 词：小麦 种质资源 农艺性状 相关性分析 聚类分析 

分 类 号：S512[农业科学—作物学]