超晚播对冬小麦光合特性、干物质积累及产量的影响  

Effects of super late sowing on photosynthetic characteristics,dry matter accumulation and yield of winter wheat

作　　者：田文强 郭飞 聂凌帆 孙刚刚 王泓懿 史永清[3] 尚艳明[3] 吴利[3] 石书兵[1] 张金汕[1] TIAN Wenqiang;GOU Fei;NIE Lingfan;SUN Ganggang;WANG Hongyi;SHI Yongqing;SHANG Yanming;WU Li;SHI Shubing;ZHANG Jinshan(College of Agriculture,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China;Agricultural Technology Extension Center in Tacheng,Tacheng Xinjiang 834700,China;Institute of Agricultural Sciences of Taceheng Prefecture,Tacheng Xinjiang 834700,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学农学院,乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆塔城地区农业技术推广中心,新疆塔城834700 [3]新疆塔城地区农业科学研究所,新疆塔城834700

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2023年第5期1059-1066,共8页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发项目“新疆小麦绿色丰产提质增效技术优化集成及应用”(2021B02002-1)~~。

摘　　要：【目的】研究新疆北疆冬小麦生长对超晚播的响应规律,为农业生产中倒茬晚和提高节水效率提供参考。【方法】采用随机区组设计,设5个超晚播期处理(D1、D2、D3、D4、D5),以当地适期播种为对照(CK),分析不同播期对小麦光合特性、干物质积累及产量的影响。【结果】与CK相比,超晚播小麦平均出苗率减少57.22%,开花期晚8.2 d,成熟期晚6 d,灌浆时间短2.2 d,超晚播小麦各处理间出苗率差异不显著,最高为D1,且D1进入开花期和成熟期最早,灌浆时间最长;花后0~14 d旗叶平均SPAD值降低,而花后21~28 d升高,灌浆期平均Pn增加1.92%,超晚播小麦花后0~28 d旗叶SPAD值D3最高D1最低,但灌浆期Pn D1最高,较D3增加11.25%;分蘖期-拔节期单株干物质积累量降低,开花期-成熟期升高,成熟期营养器官干物质分配率减小,籽粒干物质分配率增大,超晚播小麦孕穗期-成熟期单株干物质积累量、籽粒干物质分配率D3最高;平均穗数、产量分别减少19.33%、5.55%,平均穗粒数、千粒重分别增加7.87%、4.64%,超晚播小麦穗数、千粒重及产量D1最高,较D3分别增加19.21%、2.85%、20.88%,穗粒数D3最高,较D1减少4.47%。【结论】新疆北疆超晚播小麦应选择10月下旬至11月上旬田间无积雪无冻土时播种,且播种后近期无明显降雪最佳。【Objective】To further explore the response law of winter,wheat growth in northern Xinjiang to super late sowing and solve the problems of late crop rotation and low water-saving efficiency in local agricultural production.【Methods】Using a randomized block design,five ultra-late sowing dates(D 1,D 2,D 3,D 4,D 5)were set up,and the effects of different sowing dates on the photosynthetic characteristics,dry matter accumulation and yield of wheat were analyzed with the local suitable sowing date as the control(CK).【Results】Compared with CK,the average emergence rate of ultra-late sowing wheat decreased by 57.22%,the flowering stage was 8.2 d later,the maturity stage was 6 d later,and the filling time was 2.2 d shorter.There was no significant difference in the emergence rate of ultra-late sowing wheat among different treatments,the highest was D 1,and D 1 entered the flowering and maturity stage the earliest,and the filling time was the longest;The average SPAD value of flag leaf decreased from 0-14 days after anthesis,but increased from^(2)1-28 days after anthesis,and the average Pn increased by 1.92%at filling stage.The SPAD value of flag leaf D 3 was the highest and D 1 was the lowest at 0-28 days after anthesis,but Pn D 1 was the highest at filling stage,increased by 11.25%compared with D 3;The dry matter accumulation of single plant in tillering stage to jointing stage decreased,the dry matter distribution rate of vegetative organs in mature stage decreased,and the dry matter distribution rate of grain increased.The dry matter accumulation of single plant and the dry matter distribution rate of grain D 3 in booting stage to mature stage of ultra-late sowing wheat were the highest;the average spike number and yield decreased by 19.33%and 5.55%respectively,and the average spike number and 1,000-grain weight increased by 7.87%and 4.64%respectively.The spike number,1,000-grain weight and yield D 1 of ultra-late sowing wheat were the highest,increased by 19.21%,2.85%and 20.88%respectively compared with D

关 键 词：超晚播 冬小麦 光合作用 干物质 产量 

分 类 号：S512[农业科学—作物学]