不同生物有机肥配施化肥对大豆植株生长、抗病及产量的影响  

Effects of different bio-organic fertilizers applicationcombined with conventional fertilization on growth,disease resistance and yield of soybean

作　　者：朱宝国[1] 匡恩俊[2] 滕占林 孟庆英[1] 王囡囡[1] 冯浩原 邱磊[1] 高雪冬[1] 张春峰[1] ZHU Baoguo;KUANG Enjun;TENG Zhanglin;MENG Qingying;WANG Nannan;FENG Haoyuan;QIU Lei;GAO Xuedong;ZHANG Chunfeng(Jiamusi Branch,Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Jiamusi Heilongjiang 154007,China;Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Environment Resources,Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Harbin 150086,China;Jiamusi Green Food Development Center,Jiamusi Heilongjiang 150002,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省农业科学院佳木斯分院,黑龙江佳木斯154007 [2]黑龙江省农业科学院土壤肥料与环境资源研究所,哈尔滨150086 [3]佳木斯市绿色食品发展中心,黑龙江佳木斯154002

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2023年第5期1127-1133,共7页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：中国科学院战略性先导科技专项’黑土地保护与利用科技创新工程专项(XDA28010403,XDA28100202)~~。

摘　　要：【目的】研究不同生物有机肥配施化肥对大豆植株性状、抗病性及产量和效益的影响。【方法】在大田条件下采用小区试验方法,设置常规施肥和不同生物有机肥配施化肥处理,研究大豆干物质、根瘤、抗病性及其产量变化。【结果】与常规施肥相比,不同生物有机肥配施化肥提高了苗期和盛花期大豆的地上部干物质、根干重和根瘤数,干物质提高幅度为5.31%~12.86%,根干重提高幅度为10.35%~20.24%,根瘤数提高幅度为12.34%~37.50%,差异均达到显著水平(P<0.05);不同生物有机肥配施化肥显著降低了苗期根腐病发病率和病情指数;显著提高大豆的株高、株荚数、株粒数及提高百粒重,提高大豆产量,2019~2020年产量提高幅度分别为7.25%~8.67%和6.50%~8.82%,与对照相比差异均达显著水平(P<0.05);与对照相比,不同生物有机肥配施化肥处理均提高了大豆的产值和效益值,效益值最高增加1 066.16元/hm^(2)。【结论】生物有机肥配施化肥能够促进大豆植株生长,降低病害,提高产量,提高经济效益。【Objective】To clarify the effects of different bio-organic fertilizers application combined with conventional fertilization on traits,yield and economic benefit of soybean plant.【Methods】Dry matter,root nodule,disease resistance and yield were studied by plots field experiment in which different bio-organic fertilizers combined with conventional fertilization were determined.【Results】Compared with conventional fertilization,aboveground dry matter,root dry weight and nodule number of soybean increased in different bio-organic fertilizer application treatments at seedling and full flowering stages by 5.31%-12.86%,10.35%-20.24%and 12.34%-37.50%,respectively(P<0.05).Incidence rate and disease index of root rot were reduced significantly at the seedling stage in bio-organic fertilizer application treatment.Meanwhile,plant height,pod number per plant,grain number per plant and 100-grain weight of soybean were remarkably increased,which led to an improvement of soybean yield.The yields in 2019 and 2020 were lifted by 7.25%-8.67%and 6.50%-8.82%,respectively(P<0.05).Output and benefit of soybean were raised by applying bio-organic fertilizers combined with conventional fertilization compared with the control and the highest benefit addition value was 1,066.16 yuan/hm^(2).【Conclusion】By applying bio-organic fertilizers combined with conventional fertilization,the growth of soybean is promoted,diseases are reduced,yield is promoted and economic benefit is increased.

关 键 词：大豆 生物有机肥 植株性状 根腐病 产量 效益 

分 类 号：S144[农业科学—肥料学]