面向双碳目标的水淡技术:生物质碳用于界面太阳能光蒸汽转化技术的研究进展  

Utilizing Biochars in Interfacial Solar-Vapor Conversion and Seawater Desalination:Potential Value for‘Double Carbon’Goals and State of the Art

作　　者：赵春波 赵嵘 戚剑飞 庄文博 刘婕[1] 陈沛 万艳芬 杨鹏 ZHAO Chunbo;ZHAO Rong;QI Jianfei;ZHUANG Wenbo;LIU Jie;CHEN Pei;WAN Yanfen;YANG Peng(School of Materials and Energy,Yunnan University,Kunming 650500,China)

机构地区：[1]云南大学材料与能源学院,昆明650500

出　　处：《材料导报》2023年第12期1-13,共13页Materials Reports

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52071282);云南省应用基础研究计划重点项目(202001BB050046);云南省科技厅-云南大学双一流建设重点项目(2019FY003013);云南大学创新创业基金会(201804003,202004017,202004019,202004020,202104005)。

摘　　要：面向碳达峰、碳中和目标,针对当前人们所面临的淡水紧缺和能源危机,研究者们致力于寻找低碳、环保和可持续发展的解决途径。近年来,研究者们对利用“绿色能源--太阳能”和“蓝色能源---海洋”以可持续生产淡水给予极大的关注,试图获得高的能源转化效率以解决淡水与清洁能源两大资源问题,并以此降低碳排放,为碳中和目标助力。界面太阳能光蒸汽转化技术是目前缓解淡水危机极有效的手段之一,凭借其高效的太阳能热利用、出色的光热转化率和高的水蒸发产量而备受关注。界面系统主要包括光吸收器和蒸发装置。其中,碳基光热材料是光吸收器的热门选材之一,尤其生物质碳具有绿色环保、价格低廉、可再生以及变废为宝等优点而颇受欢迎。本文系统地梳理并阐述了基于生物质碳的太阳能光蒸汽转化系统中的材料设计、系统设计、亲水设计、水传输通道设计和抗盐设计,简述了生物质碳的光热转化机理和光热系统的性能评估,最后从实际应用的角度总结了生物质碳在海水淡化和电能生产中的应用研究,并针对当前该领域所面临的挑战和机遇提出了未来几年内的研究热点。F acing the freshwater shortage and energy crisis,in order to achieve the goal of carbon dioxide emissions peaking and achieve carbon neu-trality,researchers are devoted to seeking low-carbon,environmental-friendly and sustainable solutions.Recently,the sustainable freshwa-ter generating strategy attracted much attraction about combining‘green solar energy’and‘blue ocean energy’.Various methods have been explored to improve the energy conversion efficiency in generating freshwater and clean energy.Thus,the interfacial solar-vapor conversion tech-nology became popular due to its high thermal utilization,photothermal conversion and vapor production rate.Due to its reproducibility and low cost,biochar as a kind of carbon-based photothermal material is used so often as solar absorber in the above interfacial system.In this review,we discuss five critical factors emphatically-materials,systems,hydrophily,water transport channel and salt-rejection designs-which,if addressed systematically,could increase the performance of biochar photothermal conversion devices.Meanwhile,we illuminate briefly the mechanism of photothermal conversion and the performance evaluation of biochar.Finally,the hot topics and challenges are summarized in the practical appli-cations of biochar on desalination and energy generation,which provides a roadmap for the future development of the interfacial solar-vapor con-version technology.

关 键 词：双碳目标 生物质碳 界面太阳能光蒸汽转化 淡化 电能生产 

分 类 号：P747.14[天文地球—海洋科学]