粉末冶金多孔铝的研究进展  

Research and Development of Porous Aluminum Produced by Powder Metallurgy

作　　者：张爵灵 王林山 郑逢时[1,2,3] 胡强 汪礼敏 ZHANG Jueling;WANG Linshan;ZHENG Fengshi;HU Qiang;WANG Limin(Metal Powder Materials Industrial Technology Research Institute of GRINM,Beijing 101407,China 2;GRIPM Advanced Materials Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 101407,China;General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals,Beijing 100088,China;Beijing GRIPM Advanced Materials Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 101407,China;Beijing Engineering Research Center of Metal Powder,Beijing 101407,China)

机构地区：[1]有研科技集团有限公司金属粉体材料产业技术研究院,北京101407 [2]有研粉末新材料股份有限公司,北京101407 [3]北京有色金属研究总院,北京100088 [4]北京有研粉末新材料研究院有限公司,北京101407 [5]北京市金属粉末工程技术研究中心,北京101407

出　　处：《材料导报》2023年第12期126-133,共8页Materials Reports

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2021YFB3701902);北京市科委项目(Z181100003118009)。

摘　　要：粉末冶金多孔铝材料具有质轻、耐腐蚀、孔隙均匀可控、比表面积大、近净成形等优点,可用于含油轴承、过滤器、热管毛细芯、铝空气电池电极、金属电极集流体、吸能材料、催化剂载体等产品,在航空航天、电子、新能源等领域具有很大的应用潜力。由于铝活性较高,铝粉表面极易形成一层致密的氧化膜,阻碍烧结扩散的进行,严重影响粉末冶金多孔铝的性能。本文综述了烧结助剂和烧结工艺对粉末冶金多孔铝表面氧化膜破除机理的研究现状,重点介绍了压制烧结、松装烧结、放电等离子体烧结、浆料涂覆烧结法和非水基凝胶注模成形法等五种制备方法,探讨了粉末冶金多孔铝的研究方向,并对其发展趋势进行了展望,以期为粉末冶金多孔铝的发展提供借鉴。Powder metallurgy porous aluminum material has broad application prospects in aerospace,electronics,and new energy due to its advanta-ges,including lightweight,corrosion resistance,uniform and controllable pores,large specific surface area,and near-net-shape.This kind of material is suitable for products such as self-lubricating bearing,filters,the capillary core of heat pipe,aluminum-air batteries,metal electrode current collectors,energy-absorbing materials,catalyst carrier,etc.The biggest challenge for fabricating powder metallurgy porous aluminum ma-terial is that the surface of the aluminum powder is always covered with a thermodynamically stable oxide film.The existence of oxide film impedes the sintering diffusion.In this paper,the disruption mechanism of the oxide film is reviewed from the aspects of sintering additives and sintering process.In addition,fabrication methods of powder metallurgy porous aluminum material such as pressing sintering,loose-powder sintering,paste coating-sintering,and non-aqueous gel injection molding method,are summarized.In order to provide reference for the development of powder metallurgy porous aluminum,the research directions of this kind of material are also introduced,and its development trend is predicted.

关 键 词：多孔铝 粉末冶金 烧结助剂 烧结工艺 孔隙率 

分 类 号：TB34[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]