笑话艺术对传统相声的价值及影响  

The Value of Traditional Joke Art in and Its Impact on the History of Chinese Cross Talk

作　　者：陈建华 CHEN Jianhua(School of Humanities,Qingdao Agricultural University,Qingdao 266109,China)

机构地区：[1]青岛农业大学人文学院,山东青岛266109

出　　处：《常熟理工学院学报》2023年第3期1-10,共10页Journal of Changshu Institute of Technology

摘　　要：相声是北京市首批、国家第二批非物质文化遗产,堪称民族文化经典代表,至今活跃在主流舞台,影响千家万户。传统笑话储量巨大,收集了舞台技艺、演出底本、表演记录、行业掌故、历史变迁和艺人传记等六大类早期资料,构成学术研究的关键基石;然而,相关研究极度匮乏,鲜有问津者。从艺术、技艺、源流、历史和文化等视角对比分析传统笑话及相声,重在作品研究,旨在剖析传统笑话对相声发展的重大价值:一是笑话完善了相声的包袱技艺,包括现挂、三番四抖、塑造滑稽人物和打造戏剧性情节等;二是笑话建立起对口和群口两种捧逗结构,奠定了对口和群口相声的骨架;三是笑话着力刻画文人形象,熟练使用文哏技法,奠基了后来的文哏相声;四是传统笑话为相声提供了成熟艺人和演出底本,开创了职业化相声。As an important folk art treasure,traditional Chinese joke art has wielded a significant and direct impact on the rise of modern crosstalk.Jokes have provided a lot of materials for crosstalk shows,including many a story featuring both nobles and commoners.Equally important,jokes have enhanced the technique of cloth-wrappers,including what are respectively known as xiangua(现挂),the so-called"three times and four shakes",funny characters and dramatic plots.In addition,jokes have helped lay the foundation of role play with their establishment of two kinds of flattering structures:that of two-people performance and that of group performance.Most notably,jokes,with its focus on portraying the images of the literati,have masterfully provided the soil for the so-called wengen(文哏)techniques employable in crosstalk.Above all,jokes have proven themselves as a fertile source of both mature folk artists and scripts for performance,hence,path-finders for professional crosstalk.

关 键 词：传统笑话 相声艺术 包袱 捧逗 文哏 相声职业化 

分 类 号：I239.7[文学—中国文学]