中国环境风险监管制度的架构新探  

A New Approach to the Framework of Environmental Risk Regulation System in China

作　　者：张丹 Zhang Dan(Collaborative Innovation Center of Judicial Civilization,Jilin University,Jilin 130012,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林大学司法文明协同创新中心,吉林130012

出　　处：《天津法学》2023年第1期83-91,共9页Tianjin Legal Science

基　　金：国家社科基金“把社会主义核心价值观融入法治建设”研究专项重大项目“核心价值观融入法治建设研究:以公正司法为核心的考察”项目编号:17VHJ007阶段性成果。

摘　　要：随着环境风险日益加剧,风险预防已然成为环境监管的主题。从损害预防到风险预防,监管源头的改变提升了环境事故防范和化解的效果。与此同时,环境风险监管依据原则化、监管手段强硬等现象使得风险规制自身合理性存疑,监管实效面临挑战。如今,面对“源头治理”的目标要求,风险规制的理论探讨为环境监管由损害救济向风险预防转型奠定了基础,而技术层面的风险识别与评估等凸显出公私合作监管的补强作用。随着既有监管模式对市场手段等综合管理方式的关注,公私融合的协作型环境监管模式应运而生,结合区域内利益主体对环境要素的高度敏感性,可以创建区域性环境监管自治组织,利用反馈回路增强公私主体以及私主体之间的协作配合,形成行政主导下的综合性环境风险监管架构,以区域集体利益为抓手,推进环境公益的维护。With the advent of risk society,risk prevention has become the theme of environmental regulation.From damage prevention to risk prevention,the change of regulatory source improves the effect of environmental accident prevention and resolution.At the same time,environmental risk regulation is based on principles and has strong regulatory measures,which makes the rationality of risk regulation itself doubtful and challenges the regulatory effectiveness.Today,in the face of the target requirements of"source control",the theoretical discussion of risk regulation has laid the foundation for the transformation of environmental regulation from damage relief to risk prevention,while risk identification and assessment at the technical level highlight the strengthening role of public-private cooperation regulation.As the existing regulatory models pay more attention to the comprehensive management methods such as market means,the collaborative environmental regulation model of public-private integration emerges at the historic moment.Combined with the high sensitivity of regional interest subjects to environmental factors,regional autonomous organizations of environmental regulation can be created,and feedback loops can be used to enhance the cooperation between public and private subjects.A comprehensive regulatory framework for environmental risks under the leadership of the administration should be formed to promote the maintenance of environmental public welfare with regional collective interests as the focus.

关 键 词：环境监管 风险预防 环境风险监管 协作型监管 综合性架构 

分 类 号：D922.68[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]