美国新一代舱外航天服便携式生命保障系统的研究进展  

Research Progress of Portable Life Support System for the Next-Generation Extravehicular Mobility Unit in USA

作　　者：杨朝舒 吴志强[1] 臧华兵[1] 刘力涛[1] 胡清华[1] 杨松林[1] YANG Zhaoshu;WU Zhiqiang;ZANG Huabing;LIU Litao;HU Qinghua;YANG Songlin(National Key Laboratory of Human Factors Engineering,China Astronaut Research and Training Center,Beijing 100094,China)

机构地区：[1]中国航天员科研训练中心人因工程重点实验室,北京100094

出　　处：《载人航天》2023年第3期329-335,共7页Manned Spaceflight

基　　金：人因工程重点实验室自主基金(SYFD062102)。

摘　　要：针对后空间站时代深空探测、登陆月球、火星任务目标,美国于21世纪初开启了新一代舱外航天服(xEMU)的研发工作。介绍了在新的任务背景下,新一代舱外天服便携式生命保障系统的发展情况,重点分析了xEMU便携式生命保障系统在设计思路、功能结构等方面的特点。此外,还介绍了膜蒸发技术、快循环固态胺等关键单机技术的发展历程,及其在新一代便携式生命保障系统中的应用情况。相关研究可为我国新一代舱外航天服便携式生命保障系统的研制提供参考。Since the beginning of this century,NASA has launched the project for the research and design of the next generation extravehicular mobility unit(EMU).This project will enable NASA to complete a series of ambitious missions in the post-ISS era,namely:cislunar space exploration,deep space transport and Mars surface landing.The recent development of the portable life support system(PLSS)in the novel EMU system was reviewed and the highlights in the next generation PLSS were summarized,including its standard setting,design mentalities and functional structures.Moreover,the development progess and advances in the critical component technologies are introduced i.e.,the spacesuit water membrane evaporator technology and the rapid-cycled amine technology.There applications status in xPLSS are also discussed.This work may serve as a reference for the development of the next-generation portable life support system of our spacesuit.

关 键 词：舱外活动 便携式生命保障系统 膜蒸发 快循环固态胺 

分 类 号：R852.81[医药卫生—航空、航天与航海医学] V19[医药卫生—临床医学]