特早熟甘蓝型春油菜产量相关性状的杂种优势分析  

Heterosis Analysis of Yield-related Traits in Ultra-early Maturity Spring Oilseed Rape(Brassica napus L.)

作　　者：林晓阳 赵洪平 柳海东[1] 杜德志[1] LIN Xiaoyang;ZHAO Hongping;LIU Haidong;DU Dezhi(Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Qinghai Tibet Plateau Germplasm Resources/Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences of Qinghai University/Key Laboratory of Spring Rapeseed Genetic Improvement/The Qinghai Research Branch of the National Rapeseed Genetic Improvement Center/Spring Rape Scientific Observation Experimental Station of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Qinghai Research and Development Center for Spring Rapeseed/Qinghai Province Spring Rape Engineering Technology Research Center,Xining,Qinghai 810016)

机构地区：[1]青藏高原种质资源研究与利用实验室/青海大学农林科学院/春油菜遗传改良重点实验室/国家油菜改良中心青海分中心/农业农村部春油菜科学观测实验站/青海省春油菜研究开发中心/青海省春油菜工程技术研究中心,青海西宁810016

出　　处：《核农学报》2023年第4期720-729,共10页Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：青海省帅才科学家负责制项目(2022-NK-170);青海省自然科学基金计划—创新团队(2022-ZJ-902);青海省创新平台建设专项(2022-ZJY13);国家现代农业产业技术体系资助(CARS-12)。

摘　　要：油菜是我国重要的油料作物,其中白菜型油菜在我国高海拔、高纬度春油菜区大面积种植,但其产量较低、品质差、育种难度大。为实现春油菜区的最重要育种目标,即培育出特早熟高产优质甘蓝型春油菜替代白菜型油菜,本研究对特早熟甘蓝型春油菜恢复系与不育系进行特异酶切位点扩增片段测序(SLAF-seq),分析遗传族群关系,在每类按比例选取部分恢复系与不育系配制组合,分析杂种表现、杂种优势及杂优模式。结果表明,98份甘蓝型油菜被分为五类。其中,第四类中包含不育系,恢复系与不育系的遗传距离介于0.01~0.52,平均遗传距离为0.35;第五类群恢复系与不育系遗传距离最大,介于0.45~0.52之间;在小区产量前二十的组合中,不育系×第五类恢复系组合10个,产量最高组合为(64-1)×16D3(第五类)。结合杂种表现和杂种优势结果,说明以特早熟不育系×第五类恢复系组配杂交组合,后代中产生强优势杂交种的潜力较大。本研究为后续特早熟甘蓝型油菜杂交种选育提供了亲本选择的分子依据,可促进春油菜区特早熟杂交育种进程。Rapeseed is an important oil crop in China.Chinese cabbage-type rapeseed is widely planted in the spring rapeseed areas with high-altitude and high-latitude in China,showed low yield,poor quality and obstacle breeding.Breeding alternative spring oilseed Brassica napus L.with ultra-early mature,high-yield and highquality is the most important breeding goal in spring oilseed area.In this study,SLAF-seq sequencing was performed on restorer lines and sterile lines of ultra-early mature spring oilseed Brassica napus L.,and the relationship between genetic groups was analyzed.In each category,combinations were created with selected restorer lines and sterile line,and the hybrid performance,heterosis and heterosis patterns were analyzed.The results showed that 98 Brassica napus L.were divided into five categories,among which the sterile lines were clustered in the fourth category,the genetic distance between the restorer lines and the sterile lines ranged from 0.01 to 0.52,with the average genetic distance of 0.35.The genetic distance between the restorer line of the five groups and the sterile line was the largest,ranging from 0.45 to 0.52.Among the 20 combinations with top plot yield,10 combinations derived from sterile line and the restorer line of the fifth category,among which,the combination with the highest yield is(64-1)×16D3(category 5).Combining the hybrids performance and heterosis,it is shown that the hybrid combination of extra early maturing sterile line×fifth type restorer line has great potential to produce elite hybrids in the offspring.This study not only provides a molecular basis for parental selection for the subsequent breeding of ultra-early mature spring oilseed Brassica napus L.hybrids,but also promotes the process of ultra-early mature hybrid breeding in spring oilseed areas.

关 键 词：特早熟甘蓝型春油菜 产量相关性状 遗传距离 杂种优势 杂优模式 

分 类 号：S565.4[农业科学—作物学]