氮肥用量对机插优质晚稻光合物质生产的影响  

Effect of Nitrogen Application on Photosynthetic Matter Production of Mechanical Transplanting High Quality Late Rice

作　　者：郭保卫 王岩 蔡嘉鑫 唐健 唐闯 胡雅杰 邢志鹏 张洪程 GUO Baowei;WANG Yan;CAI Jiaxin;TANG Jian;TANG Chuang;HU Yajie;XING Zhipeng;ZHANG Hongcheng(Research Institute of Rice Industrial Engineering Technology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-lnnovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou,Jiangsu 225009;Agricultural and Rural Bureau of Xingren County,Xingren,Guizhou 562300)

机构地区：[1]扬州大学水稻产业工程技术研究院/江苏省作物栽培生理重点实验室/江苏省粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心,江苏扬州225009 [2]贵州省兴仁市农业农村局,贵州兴仁562300

出　　处：《核农学报》2023年第4期833-843,共11页Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0301207);国家自然科学基金项目(31601246);国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-01-28);江苏高校优势学科建设工程项目。

摘　　要：为探明优质晚稻物质生产、积累、分配与转运对氮肥的响应特征,以优质双季晚稻泰优398、黄华占、天优华占、美香新占4个品种为试验材料,于机插条件下设0(N0)、135(N1)、180(N2)、255 kg·hm^(-2)(N3)4个施氮水平,测定光合物质生产、积累、分配与转运等指标。结果表明,随着施氮量的增加,机插优质晚稻产量,拔节期叶面积指数、光合势、群体生长率,齐穗后叶面积衰减幅度,播种至拔节期及拔节期至齐穗期干物质积累量均提高;齐穗期与成熟期叶面积指数、齐穗期至成熟期的光合势、群体生长率、阶段干物质积累量先增加后减少,且均在N2水平下达到最大值,N2处理下4个品种上述各指标分别较N0增加了46.5%~115.7%、78.8%~200.0%、79.8%~143.9%、26.2%~79.1%、34.1%~98.5%。齐穗期、成熟期的单茎干物质量、各器官干物质量均表现为N2、N3>N1>N0,且多数指标在N2与N3处理间无显著差异,其中,N2处理齐穗、成熟期单茎干物质量分别较N0增加了5.8%~31.9%、6.8%~45.7%。齐穗后茎鞘输出量、输出率与转化率随施氮量的增加呈先降后升的趋势,以N2处理最低,叶片输出量、输出率与转化率则整体上呈下降趋势。综上,优质晚稻在180 kg·hm^(-2)左右氮肥水平下齐穗后光合物质生产能力强,干物质积累量高,籽粒产量依赖齐穗前茎鞘物质转运程度低,有利于优化群体质量。本研究结果为优质晚稻生产的氮素调控提供了技术参考。This study aims to clarity the photosynthetic matter production of mechanical transplanting highquality late rice and their responses to nitrogen fertilizer.Four high quality late rice varieties(Taiyou398,Huanghuazhan,Tianyouhuazhan and Meixiangxinzhan)were used and four nitrogen treatments of 0(N0),135(N1),180(N2),and 255(N3)kg·hm^(-2)were set to study photosynthetic matter under mechanical transplanting.As more nitrogen was gradually applied,yield of high-quality late rice firstly increased and then decreased with the peak value at N2 level.Besides yield,LAI,photosynthetic potential and population growth rate at jointing stage,leaf area attenuation after full heading stage,dry matter accumulation from sowing to jointing and from jointing to full heading increased,while LAI at full heading stage and maturity stage,photosynthetic potential population,growth rate and dry matter accumulation from full heading to maturity decreased before increasing with the highest values at N2 level,and the corresponding indexes at N2 level with four rice varieties were 46.5%~115.7%,78.8%~200.0%,79.8%~143.9%,26.2%~79.1%and 34.1%~98.5%higher than N0,respectively.The dry weight of single stem and each organ at full heading stage and maturity stage among different nitrogen treatments showed the trend of N2,N3>N1>N0 with no significant differences between N2 and N3,for most indexes and the dry weight of single stem at the N2 level at full heading stage and maturity stage were 5.8%~31.9%and 6.8%~45.7%higher than N0,respectively.After full heading,exportation,exportation rate and transformation rate of the stem and sheath decreased first and then started to increase with the increase of nitrogen,which reached minimum at the N2 level,and exportation,exportation rate and transformation rate of leaf showed a decrease trend in general.At 180 kg·hm^(-2)nitrogen level,high quality late indica rice had strong photosynthetic matter production capacity and high dry matter accumulation from full heading to maturity and reduced the dependence of

关 键 词：机插 优质晚稻 氮肥用量 物质生产 物质转移与分配 

分 类 号：S511.33[农业科学—作物学]