不同农作物秸秆腐解规律及模型预测评价  

Prediction and Evaluation of Different Crop Straw Decomposition Laws and Models

作　　者：梁鑫宇 宋明丹 韩梅[1] 李正鹏 LIANG Xinyu;SONG Mingdan;HAN Mei;LI Zhengpeng(Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Qinghai University,Xining,Qinghai 810016;Xining Observation and Experiment Station of National Agricultural Environment,Xining,Qinghai 810016)

机构地区：[1]青海大学农林科学院,青海西宁810016 [2]国家农业环境西宁观测实验站,青海西宁810016

出　　处：《核农学报》2023年第6期1244-1252,共9页Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32160759)。

摘　　要：青海省东部农业区气候干旱冷凉、土壤肥力低,导致该地区有机物料腐解规律与其他地区不同。因此,明确该地区农作物秸秆腐解规律变化特征对于青藏高原地区有机物料还田具有重要意义。本试验采用尼龙袋填埋法,以马铃薯秸秆(MLS)、油菜秸秆(YC)、菊芋秸秆(JY)、小麦秸秆(MG)和绿肥毛叶苕子(MS)为试验材料,研究物料还田后的腐解规律,并利用有机组分含量预测腐解方程的特征参数。结果表明,各处理的腐解残留率均表现出前期(0~42 d)快速下降,后期缓慢下降的特征。至腐解结束,MLS、YC、JY、MG、MS的腐解残留率分别为37.86%、40.75%、47.18%、48.35%、18.08%。纤维素、半纤维素和木质素腐解率分别为63%~84%、53%~69%、23%~40%。相关系数矩阵分析结果显示,物料腐解速率与纤维素含量、半纤维素含量、木质素含量、土壤温度、气温、降水呈显著或极显著负相关,与土壤湿度呈极显著正相关。物料质量残留率与腐解时间的关系可用双库指数衰减模型模拟,方程的决定系数均大于0.96。通过多元逐步回归得到该地区有机物料的腐解方程,且物料的初始纤维素、半纤维素和木质素含量可以很好地预测腐解方程的特征参数易分解部分比例和易分解部分的平均周转天数。作为还田物料,绿肥毛叶苕子腐解效果要好于其他农作物秸秆。本研究结果可为青藏高原农业区有机物料还田提供理论依据和技术指导。The arid,cold and damp climate and low fertility conditions in the eastern agricultural region of Qinghai Province lead to the different decomposition regularity of organic materials in this area when compared with other areas.Therefore,it is of great significance to figure out the change characteristics of the decomposition regularity in this region for the returning of organic materials to the fields of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.In this experiment,the nylon bag landfill method was adopted,and potato straw(MLS),rape straw(YC),Jerusalem artichoke straw(JY),wheat straw(MG)and green manure stalk(MS)were used as test materials.Then,the decomposition law of materials after returning to the field was studied,and the characteristic parameters of the decomposition equation were predicted by the content of organic components.The results showed that the decay residual rate of each treatment showed a rapid decline at the early stage(0 to 42 d)and a slow decline at the later stage.When the decomposition ends,the decomposition residual rates of MLS,YC,JY,MG,and MS were 37.86%,40.75%,47.18%,48.35%and 18.08%,cellulose,hemicellulose and lignin were 63%-84%,53%-69%and 23%-40%,respectively.Correlation coefficient matrix analysis showed that material decomposition rate was significantly or extremely significantly negatively correlated with hemicellulose content,lignin content,soil temperature and air temperature,and extremely significantly positively correlated with soil moisture.The dual library exponential decay model can well simulate the relationship between the residual rate of material quality and the decomposition time,and the coefficients of determination of the equations were all greater than 0.96.The decomposition equation of organic materials in this area was obtained by multivariate stepwise regression.Moreover,the initial cellulose,hemicellulose and lignin contents can well predict the ratio of decomposition part and the average turnover day of decomposition part of the characteristic parameters of the decomposition e

关 键 词：有机物料 腐解规律 相关系数矩阵 双库指数衰减模型 模型评价 

分 类 号：S141.4[农业科学—肥料学]