大气CO_(2)浓度和气温升高对藜麦生长及碳氮代谢的影响  

Effects of Elevated CO_(2) Concentration and Increased Air Temperature on Growth and the Metabolism of Carbon and Nitrogen in Quinoa(Chenopodium quinoa Willd)

作　　者：郝蕴彰 李萍[1] 宗毓铮[1] 张东升 史鑫蕊 郝兴宇[1] HAO Yunzhang;LI Ping;ZONG Yuzheng;ZHANG Dongsheng;SHI Xinrui;HAO Xingyu(College of Agriculture,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taigu,Shanxi 030801)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学农学院,山西太谷030801

出　　处：《核农学报》2023年第6期1279-1287,共9页Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：山西省留学人员科技活动择优资助项目(20210041);山西省基础研究计划青年科学研究项目(20210302124656);国家自然科学基金面上项目(31871517)。

摘　　要：为明确大气CO_(2)浓度升高和气温升高的交互作用对藜麦(Chenopodium quinoa Willd)生长及碳氮代谢的影响机制,在控制气室开展CO_(2)浓度和温度升高对藜麦的影响研究,设置对照CK(CO_(2)浓度和温度与室外相同)、EC(CO_(2)浓度为室外测定值+200μmol·mol-1,气温与室外测定值相同)、ET(CO_(2)浓度与室外测定值相同,气温为室外测定值+2℃)、ECT(CO_(2)浓度为室外测定值+200μmol·mol-1,气温为室外大气测定值+2℃)共4个处理,对藜麦灌浆期的光合作用、碳氮代谢以及成熟期的形态指标进行测定。结果表明,与对照相比,ET处理使藜麦的单株粒重降低75.73%,而EC处理使藜麦的地上部分生物量增加50.14%,单株粒重增加38.20%;ET处理使藜麦的水分利用效率下降,但EC、ECT处理均提高了藜麦叶片净光合速率和水分利用效率;ET处理使藜麦叶片光合色素含量显著降低,而EC处理使藜麦叶片的光合色素含量升高;在碳代谢中只有ET处理使可溶性糖含量显著降低48.78%,EC和ECT处理使蔗糖含量显著升高;ET和ECT处理均使蔗糖合成酶和蔗糖磷酸合成酶活性显著下降,而EC处理使蔗糖合成酶活性显著升高了73.27%,蔗糖磷酸合成酶活性则显著下降;EC和ECT处理均使藜麦丙酮酸激酶和α-酮戊二酸脱氢酶活性显著升高;ET处理使琥珀酸脱氢酶活性下降,ECT处理则使琥珀酸脱氢酶活性升高;在氮代谢中,EC、ET、ECT处理均使谷氨酸合成酶活性降低,使硝酸还原酶活性升高,其中ECT处理最高。综上,CO_(2)浓度升高可以缓解气温升高对藜麦生物量和产量的抑制,并促进碳代谢,有利于氮素同化。本研究结果将有助于了解气候变化对藜麦生长和生理生化的影响,为未来气候变化背景下藜麦栽培提供技术参考。In order to clarify the interactive mechanism of elevated CO_(2) concentration and increased temperature on the growth,the metabolism of carbon and nitrogen in quinoa(Chenopodium quinoa Willd),effects of elevated CO_(2) concentration and increased temperature on quinoa were studied in the controlled chambers.There were CK(ambient CO_(2) concentration and temperature),EC(ambient CO_(2) concentration+200μmol·mol-1,ambient temperature),ET(ambient CO_(2) concentration,ambient temperature+2℃),ECT(ambient CO_(2) concentration+200μmol·mol-1 and ambient temperature+2℃).The results showed that ET decreased the ear weight per plant of quinoa by 75.73%compared with the control,respectively.However,EC increased the above-ground biomass of quinoa by 50.14%,and increased ear weight per plant by 38.20%,respectively.ET decreased the water use efficiency of quinoa,but both EC and ECT increased the net photosynthetic rate and water use efficiency of quinoa leaves.ET significantly decreased the photosynthetic pigment content of quinoa leaves,while EC increased the photosynthetic pigment content of quinoa leaves.In carbon metabolism,only ET significantly decreased the soluble sugar content by 48.78%.Both EC and ECT significantly increased the sucrose content;ET and ECT significantly decreased the activities of the sucrose synthase and sucrose phosphate synthase,while EC significantly increased the sucrose synthase activity by 73.27%and significantly decreased the sucrose phosphate synthase activity.Both EC and ECT significantly increased pyruvate kinase activity andα-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase activity in quinoa;ET decreased succinate dehydrogenase activity and ECT increased succinate dehydrogenase activity.For nitrogen metabolism,the treatments of EC,ET,and ECT reduced glutamate synthase activity but increased nitrate reductase activity,in which the increase induced by ECT was the highest.In conclusion,elevated CO_(2) concentration can mitigate the damage to quinoa biomass and yield caused by elevated temperature,promote

关 键 词：藜麦 CO_(2)浓度升高 气温升高 碳代谢 氮代谢 

分 类 号：S519[农业科学—作物学]