石墨资源成矿规律与浮选技术研究现状  

Status of researches on the metallogenic regularity and flotation technology of graphite resources

作　　者：祝雯霞 亢建华[1,2] 张丹仙 ZHU Wen-xia;KANG Jian-hua;ZHANG Dan-xian(School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering,Central South University,Changsha 410083,China;Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Clean and Efficient Utilization of Strategic Calcium-containing Mineral Resources,Central South University,Changsha 410083,China)

机构地区：[1]中南大学资源加工与生物工程学院,湖南长沙410083 [2]中南大学战略含钙矿物资源清洁高效利用湖南省重点实验室,湖南长沙410083

出　　处：《矿物学报》2023年第3期397-415,共19页Acta Mineralogica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2020YFC1807803);长沙市自然科学基金(kq2202095);国家环境保护矿冶资源利用与污染控制重点实验室开放基金课题(HB202107)。

摘　　要：石墨作为战略性非金属矿产资源,广泛应用于冶金、钢铁、化工、航天航空等领域,具有重要的经济价值和战略地位。本文简要介绍了石墨资源的分布特点和供需现状,重点总结了石墨资源地质成矿规律、矿物学性质及浮选技术的研究进展,并指出了石墨资源开发利用的发展趋势。研究表明,我国石墨资源储量丰富,长期位居世界前列,但加工技术相对落后,优质鳞片石墨利用率不高,国际贸易中“高进低出”现象严重。区域变质型石墨矿床是我国最主要的石墨矿床类型,含矿岩系变质程度越深,石墨晶体结构有序度越高、晶形越完整,经济价值也越高,因此,鳞片石墨浮选过程中要尽量保护石墨的鳞片结构。随着以石墨为原材料的新兴行业的快速发展,高质量石墨的需求量日益增长,加大石墨资源勘探力度,积极调整产业结构,进一步提高我国石墨资源的加工技术,对促进我国石墨产业的可持续发展具有重要的意义。As a kind of strategic non-metallic mineral resource,the graphite,which is widely used in metallurgy,iron and steel industry,chemical industry,aerospace and aviation industry,and other fields,has important economic value and strategic position.The distribution characteristics and current situation of supply and demand of graphite resources have been briefly elaborated in this study.As well,the latest progresses of researches on the geological and metallogenic regularity,mineralogical properties and flotation technology of graphite resources have been especially summarized,and the development trend of graphite exploitation and utilization has been pointed out.The researches show that China is rich in the graphite resource which ranks in the top part of the world for a long time.However,the processing technology of graphite ore is relatively backward,the utilization rate of high-quality flake graphite is not high enough,and there is a serious problem of"import of high quality graphite and export of low quality graphite"in the international trade.Regional metamorphic graphite deposits are the main type of graphite deposits in China.The deeper the metamorphism of the ore-bearing rock series,the higher the order of the graphite crystal structure,the more complete the crystal shape,and the higher the economic value.Therefore,the flake structure of graphite should be protected as far as possible in the flotation process.With the rapid development of new emerging industries using graphite as raw materials,the demand for high-quality graphite is increasing.To intensify graphite resource exploration efforts,actively adjust the relevant industrial structure,and further improve the processing technology of graphite resources are of great significance for promoting the sustainable development of China's graphite industry.

关 键 词：石墨 成矿规律 矿物学性质 浮选工艺 发展趋势 

分 类 号：P578.1[天文地球—矿物学] P579[天文地球—地质学] TD97[矿业工程—选矿]